How human behavior can impact the evolution of genetically-mediated behavior in wild non-human species.

Humans intensely modify the ecosystems we inhabit. Many of the impacts that this behavior can have on other species also sharing these spaces are obvious. A prime example is the devastating current extinction crisis.

Stromal-MDM2 Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Invasion through Tumor-Host Feedback Signaling.

Tumor-host interactions play a major role in malignancies' initiation and progression. We have reported in the past that tumor cells attenuate genotoxic stress-induced p53 activation in neighboring stromal cells. Herein, we aim to further elucidate cancer cells' impact on signaling within lung cancer stroma.

Studying human and nonhuman primate evolutionary biology with powerful in vitro and in vivo functional genomics tools.

In recent years, tools for functional genomic studies have become increasingly feasible for use by evolutionary anthropologists. In this review, we provide brief overviews of several exciting in vitro techniques that can be paired with "-omics" approaches (e.g.

Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Impact in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Literature Landscape Analysis.

The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and, therefore, many scientific works were published on the impact of ROS on the development of prevalent NDs, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Since quantitative and qualitative bibliometric analyses in this research area have not yet been done, the aim of this work is to explore the scientific literature implying ROS in NDs and to identify the major contributors, mainstream research themes, and topics on the rise. Overall, 22,885 publications were identified and analyzed within the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection electronic database (Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia, PA).

Polyphenols in Alzheimer's Disease and in the Gut-Brain Axis.

Polyphenolic antioxidants, including dietary plant lignans, modulate the gut-brain axis, which involves transformation of these polyphenolic compounds into physiologically active and neuroprotector compounds (called human lignans) through gut bacterial metabolism. These gut bacterial metabolites exert their neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and also have protective effects against other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. For example, enterolactone and enterodiol, the therapeutically relevant polyphenols, are formed as the secondary gut bacterial metabolites of lignans, the non-flavonoid polyphenolic compounds found in plant-based foods.

Limb movements during sleep in children: effects of age, sex, and iron status in more than 1,000 patients referred to a pediatric sleep center.

Study Objectives: Limb movements during sleep (LMS) and periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) have been shown to vary by age in children. In the current study, we examined this relationship in more detail in a large clinically referred sample adjusting for iron status and sex.

Methods: Retrospective data analysis was done on a large pediatric population who underwent an overnight sleep study and had ferritin levels measured within 30 days of sleep study between May 2013 and October 2017 at pediatric sleep center.

Sulfoxide-mediated oxidative cross-coupling of phenols.

A metal-free, oxidative coupling of phenols with various nucleophiles, including arenes, 1,3-diketones and other phenols, is reported. Cross-coupling is mediated by a sulfoxide which inverts the reactivity of the phenol partner. Crucially, the process shows high selectivity for cross- homo-coupling and allows efficient access to a variety of aromatic scaffolds including biaryls, benzofurans and, through an iterative procedure, aromatic oligomers.

Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Homopropargyl Amines by Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Imines, 1,3-Enynes, and Diborons.

An efficient, enantio- and diastereoselective, copper-catalyzed coupling of imines, 1,3-enynes, and diborons is reported. The process shows broad substrate scope and delivers complex, chiral homopropargyl amines; useful building blocks on the way to biologically-relevant compounds. In particular, functionalized homopropargyl amines bearing up to three contiguous stereocenters can be prepared in a single step.

The activist health sciences librarian.

At the remove of 2019, it is hard for many to imagine the sense of apocalypse that was palpable throughout the gay community during the 1980s and much of the 1990s. My professional career was launched at the height of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, and at the time, saving lives through librarianship was my mission. This Janet Doe Lecture presents my personal story of activism and advocacy as a lens through which to consider the larger story of activism around social justice issues for the Medical Library Association, by groups such as the Relevant Issues Section, now the Social Justice Section, and by the work of past Doe Lecturers Rachael K.

Erratum: Clay, L.; Paterson, M.; Bennett, P.; Perry, G.; Phillips, C. Early Recognition of Behaviour Problems in Shelter Dogs by Monitoring Them in Their Kennels after Admission to a Shelter. 2019, , 875.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...

Sequencing of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy With External-Beam Radiotherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Dose-escalated radiotherapy (RT) with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard definitive treatment of localized prostate cancer (LPCa). The optimal sequencing of these therapies is unclear. Our phase III trial compared neoadjuvant versus concurrent initiation of ADT in combination with dose-escalated prostate RT (PRT).

Role of preovulatory concentrations of estradiol on timing of conception and regulation of the uterine environment in beef cattle.

The ability to induce ovulation with an injection of GnRH facilitated the development of fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) protocols. However, animals that exhibit estrus prior to fixed-time AI have greater pregnancy success. Thus, the objectives of the present experiments were to determine the impact of estrus expression prior to fixed-time AI on timing of conception and to characterize the role of preovulatory estradiol in regulating changes in expression of uterine genes.

Influence of Sexcel™ (gender ablation technology) gender-ablated semen in fixed-time artificial insemination of beef cows and heifers.

Previous research has indicated that gender-sorted semen has decreased conception rates compared to conventional semen. A new method to skew the gender ratio of semen has been developed that does not use traditional sorting technology. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of gender-ablated semen in a fixed-time AI protocol.

Floral Odors and the Interaction between Pollinating Ceratopogonid Midges and Cacao.

Most plant species depend upon insect pollination services, including many cash and subsistence crops. Plants compete to attract those insects using visual cues and floral odor which pollinators associate with a reward. The cacao tree, Theobroma cacao, has a highly specialized floral morphology permitting pollination primarily by Ceratopogonid midges.

Erythrosin B: a versatile colorimetric and fluorescent vital dye for bacteria.

Rapidly assaying cell viability for diverse bacteria species is not always straightforward. In eukaryotes, cell viability is often determined using colorimetric dyes; however, such dyes have not been identified for bacteria. We screened different dyes and found that erythrosin B (EB), a visibly red dye with fluorescent properties, functions as a vital dye for many Gram-positive and -negative bacteria.

Oxylipin concentrations in bovine corpora lutea during maternal recognition of pregnancy.

The objective was to determine the effects of pregnancy status on oxylipin profiles and eicosanoid metabolizing enzymes and in corpora lutea (CL) or endometrial (caruncle; CAR and intercaruncle; IC) tissues. Angus crossed cattle were synchronized with the CO-Synch protocol and artificially inseminated (AI). Sixteen days after AI, cattle were euthanized, and reproductive tracts collected from 6 non-pregnant and 6 pregnant cows.

Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Major Hemorrhage Among White and Black Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background Data on racial disparities in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major hemorrhage (HEM) after percutaneous coronary intervention are limited. Factors contributing to these disparities are unknown. Methods and Results PRiME-GGAT (Pharmacogenomic Resource to Improve Medication Effectiveness-Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy) is a prospective cohort.

TDP-43 inhibitory peptide alleviates neurodegeneration and memory loss in an APP transgenic mouse model for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, characterized clinically by progressive decline in cognitive function and neuropathologically by the presence of senile plaques and neuronal loss in the brain. While current drugs for AD are always employed as symptomatic therapies with variable benefits, there is no treatment to delay its progression or halt neurodegeneration. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy has increasingly been implicated as a prominent histopathological feature of AD and related dementias.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathology might not be inexorably progressive or unique to repetitive neurotrauma.

In the 20th century, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was conceptualized as a neurological disorder affecting some active and retired boxers who had tremendous exposure to neurotrauma. In recent years, the two research groups in the USA who have led the field have asserted definitively that CTE is a delayed-onset and progressive neurodegenerative disease, with symptoms appearing in midlife or decades after exposure. Between 2005 and 2012 autopsy cases of former boxers and American football players described neuropathology attributed to CTE that was broad and diverse.

Protection against bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves vaccinated with adjuvanted modified live vaccine administered in the face of maternal antibody.

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is major viral contributor to bovine respiratory disease (BRD). BRD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in all classes of cattle but particularly young beef and dairy calves. Passive antibodies not only help protect the calf against infection, but may interfere with the immune responses following vaccination.

Early Recognition of Behaviour Problems in Shelter Dogs by Monitoring them in their Kennels after Admission to a Shelter.

Canine behaviour assessments are commonly used in shelters to identify behaviour problems in dogs prior to adoption. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether kennel monitoring of dogs could identify early signs of behaviour problems, thereby facilitating early intervention and better management of dogs displaying behaviour problems. Kennel behaviour was monitored for dogs ( = 38) in their first five days in kennels at a shelter in Brisbane, Australia.

'Fat's chances': Loci for phenotypic dispersion in plasma leptin in mouse models of diabetes mellitus.

Background: Leptin, a critical mediator of feeding, metabolism and diabetes, is expressed on an incidental basis according to satiety. The genetic regulation of leptin should similarly be episodic.

Methodology: Data from three mouse cohorts hosted by the Jackson Laboratory- 402 (174F, 228M) F2 Dilute Brown non-Agouti (DBA/2)×DU6i intercrosses, 142 Non Obese Diabetic (NOD/ShiLtJ×(NOD/ShiLtJ×129S1/SvImJ.

Neuropathology in Consecutive Forensic Consultation Cases with a History of Remote Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is widely assumed to be causal in neurodegenerative disease, based on epidemiological surveys demonstrating an increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) following TBI, and on recent theories surrounding repetitive head movement. We tested this assumption by evaluating 30 consecutive forensic examinations in which neuropathology consultation was sought, and in which a history of remote TBI was uncovered during the course of the investigation. In this series, there was a high frequency of psychiatric co-morbidities (100%), remote contusion (90%), and seizures (63%).

Peri-Urban Community Attitudes towards Codling Moth Trapping and Suppression Using the Sterile Insect Technique in New Zealand.

New, more socially-acceptable technologies are being developed to suppress horticultural pests, because suppression is technically difficult with current technologies, especially in urban areas. One technique involves the release of sterile insects to prevent offspring in the next generation. This technology involves aerial or ground release systems, but this could also create issues for the public.

Designer artificial membrane binding proteins to direct stem cells to the myocardium.

We present a new cell membrane modification methodology where the inherent heart tissue homing properties of the infectious bacteria are transferred to human stem cells. This is achieved the rational design of a chimeric protein-polymer surfactant cell membrane binding construct, comprising the cardiac fibronectin (Fn) binding domain of the bacterial adhesin protein CshA fused to a supercharged protein. Significantly, the protein-polymer surfactant hybrid spontaneously inserts into the plasma membrane of stem cells without cytotoxicity, instilling the cells with a high affinity for immobilized fibronectin.