Towards a comprehensive framework for complex walking tasks: Characterization, behavioral adaptations, and clinical implications in ageing and neurological populations.

Complex walking tasks, including change of direction, patterns and rhythms, require more attentional resources than simple walking and significantly impact walking performance, especially among ageing and neurological populations. More studies have been focusing on complex walking situations, with or without the addition of cognitive tasks, creating a multitude of walking situations. Given the lack of a clear and extensive definition of complex walking, this narrative review aims to identify and more precisely characterize situations and related tests, improve understanding of behavioral adaptations in ageing and neurological populations, and report the clinical applications of complex walking.

Virtual Reality for Decreasing Procedural Pain during Botulinum Toxin Injection Related to Spasticity Treatment in Adults: A Pilot Study.

Background And Objectives: Botulinum toxin injections are commonly used for the treatment of spasticity. However, injection procedures are associated with pain and procedural anxiety. While pharmacological approaches are commonly used to reduce these, innovative technology might be considered as a potential non-pharmacological alternative.

Management of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms by yoga: an overview.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur after trauma. While PTSD management strategies include first-line pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, mind-body therapies, such as yoga, are applied in the PTSD population. This overview aimed to summarize the effectiveness of yoga interventions on PTSD symptoms in adults in a systematic review (SR) including randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Immersive virtual patient simulation compared with traditional education for clinical reasoning: a pilot randomised controlled study.

Immersive virtual patient simulation could help medical students in clinical reasoning, but there is a lack of literature on the effectiveness of this method in healthcare learning. A pilot randomised controlled study compared performance (exam score) on a clinical case in immersive virtual simulation to a text for physiotherapy students. In the experimental group, the clinical case was presented by an immersive 360° video that students watched with a standalone headset, whereas the control group used the text only.

Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Using 360° Videos to Manage Well-Being in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The development of negative behavioral and psychosocial factors (depression, anxiety, apathy, etc) is associated with poor well-being, which can contribute to health issues in ageing, especially in the context of COVID-19. Despite its relative novelty, fully immersive virtual reality (VR) interventions through 360° immersive videos are becoming more accessible and flexible and constitute an emerging method to potentially enhance well-being. The aim of this scoping review is to assess the effectiveness of 360° interventions on well-being in older adults with or without cognitive impairment, as well as cybersickness and attitudes toward this technology.

Impact of a dual task on the energy cost of walking in individuals with subacute phase stroke.

Objective: To assess the impact of cognitive Dual Task (DT) during walking on the energy cost of walking (Cw) in individuals with subacute stroke. The secondary objective was to determine whether there is an association between the Cw and cortical activity of the prefrontal area.

Methods: Any individual with stroke localized in the temporal-parietal regions and able to walk without human assistance was included.

Immersive Virtual Reality during Robot-Assisted Gait Training: Validation of a New Device in Stroke Rehabilitation.

Background and objective: Duration of rehabilitation and active participation are crucial for gait rehabilitation in the early stage after stroke onset. Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative tool providing engaging and playful environments that could promote intrinsic motivation and higher active participation for non-ambulatory stroke patients when combined with robot-assisted gait training (RAGT). We have developed a new, fully immersive VR application for RAGT, which can be used with a head-mounted display and wearable sensors providing real-time gait motion in the virtual environment.

A 6-Month Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation Program for Foot Drop in a Post-Stroke Patient: Considerations on a Time Course Analysis of Walking Performance.

Foot drop is a common disability in post-stroke patients and represents a challenge for the clinician. To date, ankle foot orthosis (AFO) combined with conventional rehabilitation is the gold standard of rehabilitation management. AFO has a palliative mechanical action without actively restoring the associated neural function.

Age and sex impact on visuospatial working memory (VSWM), mental rotation, and cognitive strategies during navigation.

This study assessed the impact of sex and typical aging on visuospatial working memory (VSWM), mental rotations, and navigational strategies using behavioral information. Fifty healthy participants regrouped in older (OA) and young adults (YA) performed the Walking Corsi test (WalCT) and the Redrawn Mental Rotation Test (MRT) to explore mental rotation abilities. We recorded kinematic data such as locomotion trajectories, and spatial orientations during navigation.

[The ground visual field assessment, using two methods, compared with Goldmann perimetry].

In visual rehabilitation, ground visual field assessment (GVFA) makes it possible to assess the size of scotomas in connection with locomotion and to restore the width of the patient's visual field (VF). The information obtained by these tests has never been compared with Goldmann testing. The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of VF measurement under different conditions (Goldmann perimetry, manual and automated GVFA).

Hypnosis to manage musculoskeletal and neuropathic chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify and quantify the current available evidence of hypnosis efficacy to manage pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain. Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) with hypnosis and/or self-hypnosis treatment used to manage musculoskeletal and/or neuropathic chronic pain in adults and assessing pain intensity were included. Reviews, meta-analyses, non-randomized clinical trials, case reports and meeting abstracts were excluded.

Effectiveness of home-based rehabilitation using active video games on quality of life, cognitive and motor functions in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Purpose: We summarized the effectiveness of home-based active video game interventions on physical and cognitive functions, as well as quality of life in adults with Parkinson's disease. We also assessed the feasibility, safety, adherence, and retention of benefits of these interventions.

Method: We searched studies in eight databases from 1st March to 30th November 2020.

Balance rehabilitation for postural control in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A two-case report study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of balance rehabilitation on postural control in both low and increased cognitive load conditions in two children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).

Methods: Two children diagnosed with ASD participated in a 4-week personalized balance rehabilitation program with two sessions per week. We assessed postural control in two single task (ST) conditions with low cognitive load: Eyes Closed (EC), Eyes Open (EO); and in five increased cognitive load conditions.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and prefrontal cortex oxygenation during Stroop task in older males.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to assess whether executive function and prefrontal oxygenation are dependent on fitness level and age in older adults.

Methods: Twenty-four healthy males aged between 55 and 69 years old were recruited for this study. They were stratified by age, leading to the creation of two groups: 55-60 years old and 61-69 years old.

Long-Term Efficacy of a Home-Care Hypnosis Program in Elderly Persons Suffering From Chronic Pain: A 12-Month Follow-Up.

Background: Pain is a major public health concern in the aging population. However, medication brings about negative effects that compel healthcare professionals to seek alternative management techniques to alleviate pain. Hypnosis has been recognized as an effective technique to manage pain, but its long-term efficacy has yet to be examined in older adults.

Equations for estimating the oxygen cost of walking in stroke patients: Systematic review.

Objective: To report all equations that can potentially be used to estimate the oxygen cost of walking (Cw) without using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer and to provide the level of reliability of each equation.

Data Sources: Webline, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE), and Wiley Online Library databases from 1950 to August 2019 with search terms related to stroke and oxygen cost of walking.

Methods: This systematic review was reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the methodological quality of included studies was determined with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP).

Effects on gait and balance of home-based active video game interventions in persons with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.

Background: The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic makes it difficult to obtain physical therapy in rehabilitation centres, particularly for persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), who are a population at high risk, since viral infections may contribute to MS exacerbations and relapses. Active video games could be a way to maintain physical therapy at home as part of the rehabilitation. The aim of this review is to summarise the current best evidence for the effectiveness of home-based active video games on gait and balance, user compliance, feasibility and safety for pwMS.

The Functional Independence of Patients With Stroke Sequelae: How Important Is the Speed, Oxygen Consumption, and Energy Cost of Walking?

Objective: To evaluate the association between self-selected walking speed (S), oxygen consumption at S (Vo), the oxygen cost of walking (Cw) at S, and mobility independence and independence for activities of daily living in individuals poststroke.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Hospital.

Functional Status Is Associated With Prefrontal Cortex Activation in Gait in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

Increasing cerebral oxygenation, more precisely the overactivation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), reflects cortical control of gait in stroke disease. Studies about the relationship between brain activation and the functional status in stroke patients remain scarce. The aim of this study was to compare brain activation, gait parameters, and cognitive performances in single and dual tasks according to the functional status in subacute stroke patients.