Influence of Cations on Direct CO Capture and Mineral Film Formation: The Role of KCl and MgCl at the Air/Electrolyte/Iron Interface.

Uncovering the mechanisms associated with CO capture through mineralization is vital for addressing rising CO levels. Iron in planetary soils, the mineral cycle, and atmospheric dust react with CO through complex surface chemistry. Here, the effect of cations on the growth of carbonate films on iron surfaces was investigated.

Investigating risk factors associated with pedestrian crash occurrence and injury severity in Texas.

Objective: This study investigates various risk factors associated with pedestrian crash occurrence and injury severity based on 78,497 reported pedestrian-involved crashes across Texas from 2010 through 2019.

Methods: Crashes are mapped to over 708,738 road segments, along with road design, land use, transit, hospital, rainfall, and other location features. Negative binomial models examine the association between pedestrian crash frequency and various contributing factors, and a heteroskedastic ordered probit model investigates the severity of injuries at the individual crash level.

Effect of Cations on the Oxidation and Atmospheric Corrosion of Iron Interfaces to Minerals.

Surface corrosion involves a series of redox reactions that are catalyzed by the presence of ions. On infrastructure surfaces and in complex and natural environments, iron surfaces readily undergo redox reactions, impacting chemical processes. In this study, the effect of how cations influence the formation of the mineral scale on iron surfaces and its connection to surface corrosion was investigated in CaCl(aq) and NaCl(aq) electrolytes.

PM-IRRAS at the Air/Electrolyte/Solid Interface Reveals Oxidation of Iron to Distinct Minerals.

Iron interfaces undergo redox and catalytic processes in various environments, on the surface of soils, dust, minerals, and materials that comprise industrial infrastructure. Measuring reactions at interfaces in complex environments is challenging, where adsorption of gases and interaction of aqueous species occur at the surface. This is due to the presence of several ionic species in solutions that catalyze surface oxidation and undergo ion exchange between the solution and the surface and from the influx of oxygen and other gases.

Neuroanatomic Correlates for the Neuropsychological Manifestations of Chiari Malformation Type I.

Chiari malformation comprises a spectrum of congenital malformations characterized by a herniation of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum. Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) is the most prevalent subtype seen in clinical practice. This condition variably compresses the cerebellum and medulla-spinal cord junction secondary to malformation of the posterior fossa.

New Approach to Simultaneous Measurements of the Air/Liquid/Solid Interface Using PM-IRRAS.

Vibrational spectroscopy techniques have evolved to measure gases, liquids, and solids at surfaces and interfaces. In the field of surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy measures the adsorption on surfaces and changes from reactions. Previous polarized modulated-infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) measurements at the gas/solid interface were developed to observe catalytic reactions near reaction conditions.

Investigation of N adsorption on FeO(001) using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory.

Reactions on iron oxide surfaces are prevalent in various chemical processes from heterogeneous catalysts to minerals. Nitrogen (N) is known to dissociate on iron surfaces, a precursor for ammonia production in the Haber-Bosch process, where the dissociation of N is the limiting step in the reaction under equilibrium conditions. However, little is known about N adsorption on other iron-based materials, such as iron oxide surfaces that are ubiquitous in soils, steel pipelines, and other industrial materials.

De-agglomeration of cathode composites for direct recycling of Li-ion batteries.

Direct recycling of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) reclaims electrode materials using physical separation followed by materials' rejuvenation processes. The cathode composites in LIBs contain both carbon black and PVDF binders in its chemistry. For the rejuvenation process to work, an ability to remove these impurities is desirable.

Antibacterial Properties of Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Coatings Prepared by a Simple Two-Step Shaking-Assisted Method.

A simple two-step, shaking-assisted polydopamine (PDA) coating technique was used to impart polypropylene (PP) mesh with antimicrobial properties. In this modified method, a relatively large concentration of dopamine (20 mg ml) was first used to create a stable PDA primer layer, while the second step utilized a significantly lower concentration of dopamine (2 mg ml) to promote the formation and deposition of large aggregates of PDA nanoparticles. Gentle shaking (70 rpm) was employed to increase the deposition of PDA nanoparticle aggregates and the formation of a thicker PDA coating with nano-scaled surface roughness (RMS = 110 nm and Ra = 82 nm).

Spontaneous selective deposition of iron oxide nanoparticles on graphite as model catalysts.

Iron oxide nanomaterials participate in redox processes that give them ideal properties for their use as earth-abundant catalysts. Fabricating nanocatalysts for such applications requires detailed knowledge of the deposition and growth. We report the spontaneous deposition of iron oxide nanoparticles on HOPG in defect areas and on step edges from a metal precursor solution.

Specific cation effects at aqueous solution-vapor interfaces: Surfactant-like behavior of Li revealed by experiments and simulations.

It is now well established by numerous experimental and computational studies that the adsorption propensities of inorganic anions conform to the Hofmeister series. The adsorption propensities of inorganic cations, such as the alkali metal cations, have received relatively little attention. Here we use a combination of liquid-jet X-ray photoelectron experiments and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the behavior of K and Li ions near the interfaces of their aqueous solutions with halide ions.

The Current Status of Research on Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) evolved from the term dementia pugilistica describing the dementia found in many boxers to its current use in describing the dementia and depression sometimes found in athletes subjected to multiple concussions or subconcussive blows to the head. Concurrently, the neuropathology evolved to specify a unique type of tauopathy found in perivascular spaces at the depth of sulci and other features not typically seen in neurodegenerative tauopathies. Four stages of CTE have been proposed, with 4 corresponding clinical syndromes of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.

Somatization in Post-Concussion Syndrome: A Retrospective Study.

This is a retrospective study of concussion patient data conducted to analyze the prevalence of somatization in patients presenting with post-concussion symptoms. Patient records from June 2010 to December 2015 were examined for concussion history, psychosocial history, neuropsychological test results, validity scores, and a symptom severity scale. Records meeting inclusion criteria from 33 males and 27 females were located.

The effects of lacosamide on cognition, quality-of-life measures, and quality of life in patients with refractory partial epilepsy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine cognitive and quality-of-life measures/quality of life outcomes with adjunctive lacosamide therapy in patients with treatment-resistant partial epilepsy.

Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, nonblinded, adjunctive therapy test-retest (within subjects) study of patients with treatment-resistant partial epilepsy in which outcome (cognitive functioning and mood/quality of life) was measured in the same subject before and after adjunctive lacosamide administration for 24weeks. The cognitive assessment included the following: Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Buschke Selective Reminding Test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Stroop Color Word Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Digit Span, Digit Cancellation, and Trails A and B.

Depression and quality of life in Spanish-speaking immigrant persons with epilepsy compared with those in English-speaking US-born persons with epilepsy.

Objective: This study aimed to examine levels of depression and quality of life in Spanish-speaking (less acculturated) immigrants with epilepsy compared with those in English-speaking US-born persons with epilepsy (PWEs).

Methods: The study included 85 PWEs - 38 Spanish-speaking immigrants with epilepsy and 47 US-born PWEs. All patients underwent video-EEG monitoring and completed depression and quality-of-life inventories in their dominant language (Spanish/English).

Cognitive differences between patients who have psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and patients who have PNESs without PTSD.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine cognitive and clinical differences among three groups of patients diagnosed with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs): those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), those with a history of trauma but no PTSD, and those without a history of trauma.

Methods: Seventeen patients who were confirmed to have PTSD based on the Trauma Symptom Inventory-2 (TSI-2) and clinical interview were compared with 29 patients without PTSD who had experienced trauma and 17 patients who denied experiencing trauma. We analyzed demographic data, psychiatric information, trauma characteristics, and neuropsychological variables in these groups.

Concussion in sports.

Context: Recently, concussion has become a topic of much discussion within sports. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the literature concerning the definition of concussion, management of initial injury, return to play, and future health risks.

Evidence Acquisition: This article reviews the most recent findings on recognizing and managing sports-related concussion, which has become a significant health risk.

Psychological trauma in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: trauma characteristics and those who develop PTSD.

Objectives: The first objective of this study was to examine and describe the demographic, psychiatric, and trauma characteristics of our sample with PNESs as a whole. Subsequently, a comparison between traumatized and nontraumatized patients with PNESs was performed with regard to descriptive and trauma characteristics and general psychopathology symptoms. Lastly, we analyzed the predictive value in distinguishing patients with "likely" vs.

Stress coping strategies in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and how they relate to trauma symptoms, alexithymia, anger and mood.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to assess stress coping strategies employed by patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) and determine whether these approaches were associated with other psychopathological features. Ineffective stress coping strategies can have a variety of unhealthy consequences fueling psychopathology just as psychopathology can also have an impact on stress coping. Because of this, the study of stress coping has the potential to inform our understanding of the PNES condition and underscore a potential target for psychological treatment.

Early intervention of intravenous KB220IV--neuroadaptagen amino-acid therapy (NAAT) improves behavioral outcomes in a residential addiction treatment program: a pilot study.

Substance use disorders (SUD) are inheritable and the culprit is hypodopaminergic function regulated by reward genes. We evaluated a natural dopaminergic agonist; KB220 intravenous (IV) and oral variants, to improve dopaminergic function in SUD. Our pilot experiment found a significant reduction of chronic symptoms, measured by the Chronic Abstinence Symptom Severity (CASS) Scale.

Prevalence of alexithymia in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and epileptic seizures and predictors in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.

Objective: The first objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of alexithymia (dysregulation and unawareness of emotion) in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNESs) and epileptic seizures (ESs). The second objective was to identify the predictors of alexithymia in patients with PNESs.

Methods: We studied 66 consecutive patients with PNESs and 35 patients with ESs with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20.

Predictive value of Spanish neuropsychological testing for laterality in patients with epilepsy.

In presurgical treatment planning for patients with epilepsy, neuropsychological testing assists in lateralization of the seizure focus. Previous research with English speakers has shown that patients with left hemisphere (LH) onsets versus right hemisphere (RH) onsets perform worse on naming and other verbal skills tests, but similar findings with Hispanic patients are limited. Thirty-nine Spanish-speaking patients were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests in Spanish.

The value of intraoperative electrocorticography in surgical decision making for temporal lobe epilepsy with normal MRI.

Purpose: We hypothesized that acute intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) might identify a subset of patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who could proceed directly to standard anteromesial resection (SAMR), obviating the need for chronic electrode implantation to guide resection.

Methods: Patients with TLE and a normal MRI who underwent acute ECoG prior to chronic electrode recording of ictal onsets were evaluated. Intraoperative interictal spikes were classified as mesial (M), lateral (L), or mesial/lateral (ML).

Numinous-like auras and spirituality in persons with partial seizures.

This study investigated hyperreligiosity in persons with partial epilepsy by exploring a relationship between aura symptoms and spirituality. It was reasoned that patients with high frequencies of auras that are suggestive of metaphysical phenomena, termed numinous-like auras, would report increased spirituality of an unconventional form, both during their seizures and generally. Numinous-like auras included: dreaminess/feeling of detachment, autoscopy, derealization, depersonalization, time speed alterations, bodily distortions, and pleasure.