Prediction of depressive symptoms in young adults by polygenic score and childhood maltreatment: Results from a population-based birth cohort.

Childhood maltreatment is linked with later depressive symptoms, but not every maltreated child will experience symptoms later in life. Therefore, we investigate whether genetic predisposition for depression (i.e.

Effect of cell-free culture on bacterial pathogens isolated from cystic fibrosis patients: and studies.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the cell-free supernatant of ATCC 10241 on the biofilm-forming capacity of strains isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In addition, the study evaluated the potential of the cell-free supernatant to modulate inflammation and reduce lung damage in mice infected with strains or co-challenged with and the group (SMG). The results showed that CF-derived strains can infect the respiratory tract of adult mice, inducing local inflammation and lung damage.

Synthesis gas fermentation at high cell density: How pH and hydrogen partial pressure affect productivity and product ratio in continuous fermentation.

For the first time, syngas fermentation was operated continuously with total cell retention and process pressures up to 4barg in long-term runs of up to 3000 hours. Throughout this time, the process was stable. The measured data have shown that hydrogen uptake and ethanol space-time yield are highest at a slightly reduced pH of 5.

[Climate crisis and carbon-neutral anesthesia].

In the context of climate crisis, health care systems need to reduce their own carbon footprint. An accumulating amount of data shows how anesthesia can drastically reduce direct emissions of powerful greenhouse gases (GHG), like inhaled volatile anesthetics and nitrous oxyde (N2O). This synthesis exposes why anesthesia is a carbon hotspot and how practical strategies can reduce direct GHG emissions without compromising quality of care.

A Medicoeconomic Evaluation of a Telehealth Platform for Elective Outpatient Surgeries: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The number of elective outpatient surgeries in Canada has increased markedly in the last 10 years. However, unanticipated cancellations on the day of surgery and adverse postoperative events are frequent. Modern technologies have been shown to be of great help in the medical field in improving patient care.

Behavioral and Transcriptomic Changes Following Brain-Specific Loss of Noradrenergic Transmission.

Noradrenaline (NE) plays an integral role in shaping behavioral outcomes including anxiety/depression, fear, learning and memory, attention and shifting behavior, sleep-wake state, pain, and addiction. However, it is unclear whether dysregulation of NE release is a cause or a consequence of maladaptive orientations of these behaviors, many of which associated with psychiatric disorders. To address this question, we used a unique genetic model in which the brain-specific vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) gene expression was removed in NE-positive neurons disabling NE release in the entire brain.

Polygenic risk score and peer victimisation independently predict depressive symptoms in adolescence: results from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Children Development.

Background: Peer victimisation has been associated with depressive symptoms during adolescence, however not all peer victimised adolescents will exhibit such symptoms. This study tested whether having a genetic predisposition to developing depression increased the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms in peer victimised youth. To date, no study has explored such gene-environment interaction using a polygenic risk score for depression (PRS-depression) in the context of peer victimisation and depressive symptoms in adolescence.

Perceived friend support buffers against symptoms of depression in peer victimized adolescents: Evidence from a population-based cohort in South Korea.

Background: Peer victimization is associated with an increased risk for depression, but there is less evidence on how certain factors such as friend support can buffer this association. This study investigated the associations between friend support and depressive symptoms among victimized and non-victimized adolescent girls and boys from South Korea.

Methods: Participants includes 2258 students from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, a nationally representative sample of middle school students in South Korea.

Childhood trajectories of peer victimization and prediction of mental health outcomes in midadolescence: a longitudinal population-based study.

Background: Exposure to peer victimization is relatively common. However, little is known about its developmental course and its effect on impairment associated with mental illnesses. We aimed to identify groups of children following differential trajectories of peer victimization from ages 6 to 13 years and to examine predictive associations of these trajectories with mental health in adolescence.

Alcohol use and bipolar disorders: Risk factors associated with their co-occurrence and sequence of onsets.

Background: Little is known about the sequence of onsets in patients affected by comorbid alcohol use and bipolar disorder. This study examines the risk factors associated with their co-occurrence and order of onset.

Method: The demographic, clinical, and temperament characteristics as well as the course of illness were analyzed within our sample of 1090 DSM-IV bipolar I manic patients.

Resilience to chronic stress is mediated by noradrenergic regulation of dopamine neurons.

Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) help mediate stress susceptibility and resilience. However, upstream mechanisms controlling these neurons remain unknown. Noradrenergic (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus, implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, have direct connections within the VTA.

Selective genetic disruption of dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission: insights into motor, emotional and addictive behaviour.

Background: The monoaminergic transmitters dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) modulate cerebral functions via their extensive effects in the brain. Investigating their roles has led to the creation of vesicular monoaminergic transporter-2 (VMAT2) knockout (KO) mice. While this mutation results in postnatal death, VMAT2-heterozygous (HET) mice are viable and show a complex behavioural phenotype.

New avenues for phase matching in nonlinear hyperbolic metamaterials.

Nonlinear optical processes, which are of paramount importance in science and technology, involve the generation of new frequencies. This requires phase matching to avoid that light generated at different positions interferes destructively. Of the two original approaches to achieve this, one relies on birefringence in optical crystals, and is therefore limited by the dispersion of naturally occurring materials, whereas the other, quasi-phase-matching, requires direct modulation of material properties, which is not universally possible.

Non-antibiotic properties of tetracyclines and their clinical application in dermatology.

Dermatologists have used tetracyclines since the 1950s to treat disorders that do not necessarily have an infectious aetiology. Their anti-inflammatory and anti-collagenase properties contribute significantly to their success in treating diseases such as rosacea and acne. This article reviews the non-antibiotic properties of tetracyclines and their clinical application in dermatology.

Thermal characterization of optical fibers using wavelength-sweeping interferometry.

In this paper, we report a new method of thermal characterization of optical fibers using wavelength-sweeping interferometry and discuss its advantages compared to other techniques. The setup consists of two temperature-stabilized interferometers, a reference Michelson and a Mach-Zehnder, containing the fiber under test. The wavelength sweep is produced by an infrared tunable laser diode.