Associations between life-course FEV/FVC trajectories and respiratory symptoms up to middle age: analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies.

Background: Life-course lung function trajectories leading to airflow obstruction, as measured by impaired FEV/FVC (forced vital capacity), precede the onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to investigate whether individuals on impaired FEV/FVC trajectories have an increased burden of respiratory symptoms, including those who do not meet the spirometric criteria for COPD.

Methods: We analysed serial life-course data from two population-based cohort studies separately, which included respiratory symptoms and spirometry: the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS, Australia) cohort was recruited at age 6-7 years and followed up until middle age (mean age 53 years; range 51-55); and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA, USA) cohort was recruited at a mean age of 25 years (range 18-30) and followed up to a mean age of 55 years (range 47-64).

BMI trajectories from infancy to 18 years and mental health in emerging adulthood.

Background: Studies exploring early life-course BMI trajectories and subsequent mental health outcomes are limited but may provide important insights for early intervention. We investigated associations between BMI trajectories from 0 to 18 years and mental health outcomes in emerging adulthood.

Methods: Data were obtained from 434 participants in the Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study (MACS).

Childhood infections, asthma and allergy trajectories, and chronic rhinosinusitis in middle age: A prospective cohort study across six decades.

Introduction: Evidence on the early life risk factors of adult CRS, and the history of asthma and allergies across the life course, is limited.

Aim: To investigate relationships between respiratory infective/allergic conditions in childhood, and asthma and allergies across the life course and CRS in middle age.

Methods: Data were from the population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) cohort, first studied in 1968 when aged 6-7 years (n = 8583) and serially followed into middle age (n = 3609).

Chronic Bronchitis in Children and Adults: Definitions, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences.

The complex nature of chronic bronchitis (CB) and changing definitions have contributed to challenges in understanding its aetiology and burden. In children, CB is characterised by persistent airway inflammation often linked to bacterial infections and is therefore termed "protracted bacterial bronchitis" (PBB). Longitudinal studies suggest that CB in childhood persists into adulthood in a subgroup.

Association between physical activity over a 10-year period and current insomnia symptoms, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness: a European population-based study.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between physical activity over a 10-year period and current symptoms of insomnia, daytime sleepiness and estimated sleep duration in adults aged 39-67.

Design: Population-based, multicentre cohort study.

Setting: 21 centres in nine European countries.

Comprehensive analysis of environmental exposure to hazardous trace elements and lung function: a national cross-sectional study.

Background: There is growing interest in the joint effects of hazardous trace elements (HTEs) on lung function deficits, but the data are limited. This is a critical research gap given increased global industrialisation.

Methods: A national cross-sectional study including spirometry was performed among 2112 adults across 11 provinces in China between 2020 and 2021.

Automatic vectorization of historical maps: A benchmark.

Shape vectorization is a key stage of the digitization of large-scale historical maps, especially city maps that exhibit complex and valuable details. Having access to digitized buildings, building blocks, street networks and other geographic content opens numerous new approaches for historical studies such as change tracking, morphological analysis and density estimations. In the context of the digitization of Paris atlases created in the 19th and early 20th centuries, we have designed a supervised pipeline that reliably extract closed shapes from historical maps.

Involvement of CCL2 in Salivary Gland Response to Hyperosmolar Stress Related to Sjögren's Syndrome.

In primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients, salivary gland (SG) epithelial cells (SGECs) could be exposed to chronic hyperosmotic stress (HOS), consecutive to their destruction and deregulation, that exacerbates an inflammatory response. The aims of this study were to assess the mechanism accounting for C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression in an immortalized human salivary gland epithelial acinar cell line (NS-SV-AC) subjected to HOS, as well as the involvement of CCL2 in pSS. CCL2 mRNA and protein levels were determined via RT-qPCR and ELISA.

Association of novel adult cough subclasses with clinical characteristics and lung function across six decades of life in a prospective, community-based cohort in Australia: an analysis of the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS).

Background: Cough is a common yet heterogeneous condition. Little is known about the characteristics and course of cough in general populations. We aimed to investigate cough subclasses, their characteristics from childhood across six decades of life, and potential treatable traits in a community-based cohort.

The longitudinal association between physical activity, strength and fitness, and lung function: A UK Biobank cohort study.

Background: While physical activity is hypothesized to slow lung-function decline, the evidence is limited at a population level. This study investigated the longitudinal association between physical activity and related measures (grip strength, cardiovascular fitness) and lung function decline.

Methods: 20,111 UK Biobank cohort participants with lung function measures at baseline (2006-2010) and follow-up (2012-2014) were included.

Exploration of associations between occupational exposures and current adult eczema.

Objectives: There is a scarcity of evidence on occupational exposures that may increase eczema in adults. We aimed to investigate potential associations between occupational exposures and eczema in middle-aged adults.

Methods: A lifetime work history calendar was collected from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study participants when they were at age 53.

Disease burden, comorbidities and antecedents of chronic cough phenotypes in Australian adults.

Background And Objectives: While adult chronic cough has high burden, its phenotypes, particularly those without aetiologically related underlying conditions, are understudied. We investigated the prevalence, lung function and comorbidities of adult chronic cough phenotypes.

Methods: Data from 3608 participants aged 53 years from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) were included.

Associations of early life and childhood risk factors with obstructive sleep apnoea in middle-age.

Background And Objective: Early-life risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are poorly described, yet this knowledge may be critical to inform preventive strategies. We conducted the first study to investigate the association between early-life risk factors and OSA in middle-aged adults.

Methods: Data were from population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study cohort (n = 3550) followed from 1st to 6th decades of life.

Application of OpenAI GPT-4 for the retrospective detection of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in a fictitious and curated patient data set.

The use of the OpenAI GPT-4 model in detecting catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) cases in small fictitious and curated patient data sets was investigated. Final analysis of 50 patients including 11 CAUTI cases yielded sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of 91%, 92%, 83%, and 96%, respectively.

Longitudinal risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review.

Despite substantial disease burden, existing evidence on the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been derived primarily from cross-sectional studies without determining temporality. Therefore, we aimed to systematically synthesize the literature on longitudinal risk factors for sleep study-assessed OSA and questionnaire-assessed probable OSA from cohort studies in the general adult population settings. We systematically searched Embase and Medline (on OVID) databases.

Modalities of Medical Assistance to Populations in French Role 1 Facilities From January 2020 to December 2021.

Introduction: Medical assistance to populations (MAP) is a rich and varied activity, but it is not well known, and its modalities are inconsistent and unclear, particularly in the pediatric field; they can confront the military doctor with difficult management issues. Today, a military doctor deployed in foreign operations (FOs) does not know if he will perform MAP. He does not know how it will be carried out, nor if it will include a pediatric component.

Perceived realism of haptic rendering methods for bimanual high force tasks: original and replication study.

Realistic haptic feedback is a key for virtual reality applications in order to transition from solely procedural training to motor-skill training. Currently, haptic feedback is mostly used in low-force medical procedures in dentistry, laparoscopy, arthroscopy and alike. However, joint replacement procedures at hip, knee or shoulder, require the simulation of high-forces in order to enable motor-skill training.

Longitudinal Asthma Phenotypes from Childhood to Middle-Age: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Asthma is a heterogeneous condition, and longitudinal phenotyping may provide new insights into the origins and outcomes of the disease. We aimed to characterize the longitudinal phenotypes of asthma between the first and sixth decades of life in a population-based cohort study. Respiratory questionnaires were collected at seven time points in the TAHS (Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study) when participants were aged 7, 13, 18, 32, 43, 50, and 53 years.