Serum leptin, adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α in hyperlipidemic rats with/without concomitant diabetes mellitus.

We compared the lipid profiles and serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats with/without hyperlipidemia and with/without concomitant diabetes mellitus. Forty 10-wk-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Groups A and C received standard food for 12 wks.

Relation of soluble RANKL and osteoprotegerin levels in blood and gingival crevicular fluid to the degree of root resorption after orthodontic tooth movement.

The aim of the present study was the determination of the levels of osteoprotegerin and soluble RANKL in blood serum and in gingival crevicular fluid relative to the degree of orthodontic root resorption in a rat model. Blood samples and gingival crevicular fluid were collected from fourteen 6-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 350-500 g. A 25-g closed orthodontic coil spring was inserted between each upper right first molar and the upper incisors.

Meal-induced thermogenesis and macronutrient oxidation in lean and obese women after consumption of carbohydrate-rich and fat-rich meals.

Objective: To examine differences in meal-induced thermogenesis and macronutrient oxidation between lean and obese women after consumption of two different isocaloric meals, one rich in carbohydrate (CHO) and one rich in fat.

Methods: A total of 19 lean and 22 obese women were studied on two occasions, 1 wk apart. In one visit they consumed a CHO-rich meal and in the other visit a fat-rich meal.

Toll-like receptors: a novel target for therapeutic intervention in intestinal and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury?

Importance Of The Field: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins that act mainly as sensors of microbes, orchestrating an organism's defense against infections, while they sense also host tissue injury by recognizing products of dying cells. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) represents one of these tissue damage states in which TLR-mediated mechanisms might be implicated.

Areas Covered In This Review: The most recent data on TLR signaling and the latest knowledge regarding the involvement of TLRs in the pathogenesis and progression of intestinal and hepatic IRI are presented.

Implementation and effectiveness of the first community lifestyle intervention programme to prevent Type 2 diabetes in Greece. The DE-PLAN study.

Aims: To report our experience of implementing the first community-based lifestyle intervention programme to detect high-risk individuals and prevent the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a general population sample in Athens, Greece (the DE-PLAN Study).

Methods: The Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire was distributed to 7900 people at workplaces and primary-care centres. High-risk individuals were invited to receive an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and, after excluding persons with diabetes, to participate in a 1-year intervention programme, based on bimonthly sessions with a dietitian.

Vinegar reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia in patients with type II diabetes when added to a high, but not to a low, glycaemic index meal.

Background/objectives: Earlier studies have shown that the addition of vinegar in a carbohydrate-rich meal lowers glucose and insulin response in healthy individuals. The mechanism of how this is accomplished, however, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of vinegar on glucose and insulin response in patients with type II diabetes (T2D) in relation to the type of carbohydrates consumed in a meal.

Acute hyperhomocysteinaemia blunts endothelial dependent and endothelial independent vasodilatation in diabetic patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute, methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinaemia on endothelial function of skin microcirculation in diabetic compared with non-diabetic persons. Endothelial- and non-endothelial-dependent vasodilatation of the skin microcirculation were evaluated in 20 persons with type 2 diabetes (59.95+/-2.

The role of calprotectin in obstetrics and gynecology.

The purpose of this article is to create the first complete review concerning the role of calprotectin, a calcium- and zinc-binding protein of the S100/calgranulins family, in obstetrics and gynecology. A Medline search was conducted between 6 and 8 June 2009 using the term calprotectin and its synonyms combined with the following ones: calprotectin, obstetrics and gynecology, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, fetal implantation, labor, intra-amniotic inflammation, preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, Rh(-) incompatibility. We found 46 studies which referred to obstetrics and gynecology.

Comparative antilipidemic effect of N-acetylcysteine and sesame oil administration in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice.

Background: There is an increasing number of novel antilipidemic therapies under consideration. The putative hypolipidemic effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and sesame oil was studied in a mouse model of dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia.

Methods: Male C57bl/6 mice were assigned to the following groups: (NC) control group, (HC) group receiving test diet supplemented with 2% cholesterol and 0.

Acute hyperhomocysteinemia impairs endothelium function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of acute, methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) on endothelial function and indices of arterial stiffness in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 30 subjects with T2DM, free of macrovascular disease were examined in a crossover study. L-methionine (M) (0.

Association of resistin and adiponectin with different clinical blood pressure phenotypes.

We investigated whether the resistin (Res) and adiponectin (Adp) levels are associated with different clinical blood pressure (BP) phenotypes. Among 465 consecutive never-treated white subjects, we excluded those with diabetes mellitus; impaired glucose metabolism; history of any cardiovascular disease or other concurrent medical condition; secondary hypertension; ongoing vasoactive treatment. Three separate clinic BP measurements and ambulatory BP monitoring were implemented to divide 328 subjects (aged 48±6 years; 172 males) into hypertensives (n=105), masked hypertensives (n=41), white-coat hypertensives (n=52) and normotensives (n=130).

Effects of lipid-lowering drugs on adiponectin.

Adiponectin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. We review the literature describing the effect of lipid-lowering agents on adiponectin bioavailability. Statins exert variable effects that can be influenced by patient-dependent characteristics (i.

The impact of metabolic syndrome on left ventricular myocardial performance.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent prospective studies suggested that MetS is associated with increased risk of heart failure. In the present cross-sectional study, we examined the association between left ventricular myocardial performance with MetS.

Eating slowly increases the postprandial response of the anorexigenic gut hormones, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1.

Context: The rate at which people eat has been suggested to be positively associated with obesity, although appetite and related gut hormones have not been measured. The objective of the study was to determine whether eating the same meal at varying speeds elicits different postprandial gut peptide responses.

Design And Setting: This was a crossover study at a clinical research facility.

Liver regeneration: focus on cell types and topographic differences.

Background/aims: The liver has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury or resection. The aim of the current review is to outline the morphological changes at the cellular level and the intralobular differences during the regenerative response after partial hepatectomy.

Methods: Relevant studies were reviewed using the Medline database.

Malignant pleural effusion and talc pleurodesis. Experimental model regarding early kinetics of talc particle dissemination in the chest after experimental talc pleurodesis.

Purpose: Talc remains a commonly used agent for pleurodesis malignant pleural effusion. Nevertheless, it is associated with a 3-9% incidence of pulmonary reactions ranging from simple pneumonitis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The underlying lung pathology and the size and rate of talc particle dissemination have been implicated as the cause of these complications.

Increased left ventricular arrhythmogenicity in metabolic syndrome and relationship with myocardial performance, risk factors for atherosclerosis, and low-grade inflammation.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors recently associated with left ventricular dysfunction. Limited data exist on the association between MetS and ventricular arrhythmogenicity. This study examined differences in ventricular arrhythmogenicity assessed by classic (QT interval) and newer (spatial QRS-T angle [spQRS-Ta]) electrocardiographic markers in subjects with and without MetS.

A surgical rat model of sleeve gastrectomy with staple technique: long-term weight loss results.

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one of the surgical procedures applied for treating morbid obesity consisting of removing the gastric fundus and transforming the stomach into a narrow gastric tube. The aim of this experimental study is to create a functional model of SG and to present the long-term weight loss results.

Methods: Twenty adult Wistar rats were fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks before being divided randomly in two groups of ten rats each.

Combination pharmacotherapy in the treatment of experimental cardiac arrest.

Study Objectives: Full recovery after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is poor. We hypothesized that the coadministration of epinephrine, a beta-blocker such as atenolol, and a calcium sensitizer such as levosimendan during CPR would improve survival and postresuscitation myocardial function.

Methods: Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 60 piglets, which were left untreated for 8 minutes before attempted resuscitation.

Atherosclerosis regression study in rabbits upon olive pomace polar lipid extract administration.

Background And Aims: Virgin olive oil polar lipid extract (OOPL) and olive pomace polar lipid extract (PPL) have similar antiatherosclerotic effects in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Our aim was to compare the effect of PPL with that of simvastatin on the progression of atherogenesis.

Methods And Results: Rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet for 6 weeks in order to develop dyslipidemia and atheromatous lesions.

Assessment of prealbumin in hemodialysis and renal-transplant patients.

Objective: This study assessed prealbumin in hemodialysis (HD) and renal-transplant (RT) patients, and compared it with other biochemical and anthropometric markers, clinical conditions, and treatment variables.

Design: We used a research design.

Patients: Serum prealbumin was measured in 84 HD patients with a mean age of 60.

The impact of sex hormone changes on bone mineral deficit in chronic renal failure.

In chronic renal failure several factors affect bone homeostasis leading to the development of renal osteodystrophy. Common calcitropic hormone derangements in renal failure play a central role in bone structure and mineral defects, which in turn accompany osteodystrophy frequently resulting in low bone mineral density (BMD) values. However, patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) suffer from several comorbidities, which may partly account for renal bone disease lesions.

Oral supplementation with L-aspartate and L-glutamate inhibits atherogenesis and fatty liver disease in cholesterol-fed rabbit.

Previous studies have shown that dietary supplementation with L-aspartate and L-glutamate inhibits fatty streak initiation in cholesterol-fed rabbit. The present study investigates the role of dicarboxylic amino acids on the progression of fatty streaks and the development of fatty liver disease, which were caused in New Zealand White rabbits after a 0.5% w/w cholesterol diet for 7 weeks.

Early intestinal morphological changes following benzalkonium chloride treatment in a rat model of short bowel syndrome.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess early morphological changes of the residual small intestine 30 days after application of Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC) in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Materials And Methods: Twenty nine Wistar rats (260 +/- 20 g) underwent 80% midsmall bowel resection with end to end anastomosis. In group 1 (n=14) BAC solution 0.