Primary adrenal insufficiency induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: biological, clinical, and radiological aspects.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become a cornerstone in medical oncology, with evolving therapeutic strategies and applications. These monoclonal antibodies, designed to enhance immune responses, have revealed a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). While many irAEs exhibit favorable responses to corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy, most ICI-related endocrinopathies necessitate lifelong replacement therapy and pose significant clinical challenges.

A critical evaluation of glucocorticoids in the management of severe COVID-19.

The viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 has irrevocably altered the life of the majority of human beings, challenging national health systems worldwide, and pushing researchers to rapidly find adequate preventive and treatment strategies. No therapies have been shown effective with the exception of dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid that was recently proved to be the first life-saving drug in this disease. Remarkably, around 20 % of infected people develop a severe form of COVID-19, giving rise to respiratory and multi-organ failures requiring subintensive and intensive care interventions.

CHAC1 Is Differentially Expressed in Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Regulates the Inflammatory Response Induced by .

In cystic fibrosis (CF), () colonizes the lungs, leading to chronic inflammation of the bronchial epithelium. ChaC glutathione-specific γ-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 () mRNA is differentially expressed in primary human airway epithelial cells from bronchi (hAECBs) from patients with CF and healthy patients at baseline and upon infection with . CHAC1 degrades glutathione and is associated with ER stress and apoptosis pathways.

Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Cystic Fibrosis Patients Express a Specific Long Non-coding RNA Signature upon Infection.

() is the leading cause of chronic lung infection in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. It is well recognized that CF epithelial cells fail to develop an appropriate response to infection, allowing bacterial colonization and a chronic inflammatory response. Since long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are known to play a key role in regulating mammalian innate immune response, we hypothesized that CF cells exposed to could express a specific lncRNA signature responsible of the maladaptative CF response.

High prevalence of diabetes-specific autoimmunity in first-degree relatives of Sardinian patients with type 1 diabetes.

Background: The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Sardinia is among the highest in the world (44.8 cases/100,000 person-years). Recommendations of the Immunology of Diabetes Society advise evaluating autoantibody positivity in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with T1DM, for their higher risk to develop the disease.

Glycated hemoglobin for the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes: Diagnostic impact on obese and lean subjects, and phenotypic characterization.

Aims/introduction: Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recommended for the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes. However, epidemiological studies have shown significant discordance between HbA1c and glucose-based tests. Of the factors that could influence agreement between HbA1c and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), bodyweight has not been fully evaluated.

Altered glucose homeostasis is associated with increased serum apelin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Apelin is an adipokine that plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and in obesity. The relationship between apelin serum concentration and dysmetabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still controversial. Aims of our study are: 1) determine the circulating levels of apelin in a large cohort of Italian subjects with T2D, T1D and in non-diabetic controls; 2) identify putative metabolic determinants of modified apelin concentrations, in order to search possible mechanism of apelin control; 3) investigate changes in apelin levels in response to sharp modifications of glucose/insulin metabolism in T2D obese subjects before and 3 days after bariatric surgery.

Ventricular inundation due to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm during carotid angiography.

A case of rupture of an aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery with ventricular inundation of the contrast medium during angiography is reported. The various causal factors in the rupture of the aneurysmatic sack during this examination are discussed. In particular, the implications of sudden changes in arteriolar pressure induced by the contrast medium when preexistent arterioral and encephalic lesions of organic or functional nature are present, are considered.