Kidney derived apolipoprotein M and its role in acute kidney injury.

Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is mainly expressed in liver and in proximal tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. In plasma, apoM associates with HDL particles via a retained signal peptide and carries sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a small bioactive lipid. ApoM is undetectable in urine from healthy individuals but lack of megalin receptors in proximal tubuli cells induces loss of apoM into the urine.

A randomised trial comparing weaning from CPAP alone with weaning using heated humidified high flow nasal cannula in very preterm infants: the CHiPS study.

Objective: To determine whether weaning from nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) using heated humidified high flow nasal cannula (nHF) was non-inferior to weaning using nCPAP alone in relation to time on respiratory support.

Study Design: Single-centre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.

Gestational weight gain in a multi-ethnic sample of pregnant women from Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand.

Aim: High and low gestational weight gain (GWG) adversely affects perinatal outcomes, and impacts long-term maternal and child health. Our aim is to report i) GWG categories by 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines in the multi-ethnic population in Counties Manukau Health, ii) demographic factors and iii) adverse perinatal outcomes associated with high and low GWG.

Method: Women with singleton pregnancy and weight recorded at ≤20 weeks and again in the third trimester comprised the study population.

The Apolipoprotein M/S1P Axis Controls Triglyceride Metabolism and Brown Fat Activity.

Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is the carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in plasma high-density lipoproteins. S1P is a bioactive lipid interacting with five receptors (S1P). We show that lack of apoM in mice increases the amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT), accelerates the clearance of postprandial triglycerides, and protects against diet-induced obesity (i.

Apolipoprotein M mediates sphingosine-1-phosphate efflux from erythrocytes.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid implicated in e.g. angiogenesis, lymphocyte trafficking, and endothelial barrier function.

Impaired endothelial barrier function in apolipoprotein M-deficient mice is dependent on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1.

Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) transports sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in plasma, and ApoM-deficient mice (Apom(-/-)) have ∼50% reduced plasma S1P levels. There are 5 known S1P receptors, and S1P induces adherens junction formation between endothelial cells through the S1P1 receptor, which in turn suppresses vascular leak. Increased vascular permeability is a hallmark of inflammation.

Comparison between two assessment methods for exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions.

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions (E-ILOs) are important differential diagnoses to exercise-induced asthma and are diagnosed by the continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) test. There are two different methods for evaluating the severity of E-ILOs using recordings from the CLE test; the CLE score and EILOMEA. The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency between these methods.

ERS/ELS/ACCP 2013 international consensus conference nomenclature on inducible laryngeal obstructions.

Individuals reporting episodes of breathing problems caused by re-occurring variable airflow obstructions in the larynx have been described in an increasing number of publications, with more than 40 different terms being used without consensus on definitions. This lack of an international consensus on nomenclature is a serious obstacle for the development of the area, as knowledge from different centres cannot be matched, pooled or readily utilised by others. Thus, an international Task Force has been created, led by the European Respiratory Society/European Laryngological Society/American College of Chest Physicians.

Apolipoprotein M in lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic diseases.

Purpose: This review will address recent findings on apolipoprotein M (apoM) and its ligand sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in lipid metabolism and inflammatory diseases.

Recent Findings: ApoM's likely role(s) in health and disease has become more diverse after the discovery that apoM functions as a chaperone for S1P. Hence, apoM has recently been implicated in lipid metabolism, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis through in-vivo, in-vitro and genetic association studies.

Can flow-volume loops be used to diagnose exercise induced laryngeal obstructions? A comparison study examining the accuracy and inter-rater agreement of flow volume loops as a diagnostic tool.

Background: Pre- and post-exercise flow-volume loops are often recommended as an easy non-invasive method for diagnosing or excluding exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions in patients with exercise-related respiratory symptoms. However, at present there is no evidence for this recommendation.

Aims: To compare physician evaluated pre- and post-exercise flow-volume loops and flow data with laryngoscopic findings during exercise.

Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation in diagnosing exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions.

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions (EILOs) cause exercise-related respiratory symptoms (ERRS) and are important differential diagnoses to exercise-induced asthma. The diagnostic method for EILOs includes provocation to induce the obstruction followed by a verification of the obstruction and the degree thereof. The objective of the present study was to examine if a eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) test could induce laryngeal obstructions laryngoscopically identical in subtypes and development as seen during an exercise test.

The plasma concentration of HDL-associated apoM is influenced by LDL receptor-mediated clearance of apoB-containing particles.

ApoM is mainly associated with HDL. Nevertheless, we have consistently observed positive correlations of apoM with plasma LDL cholesterol in humans. Moreover, LDL receptor deficiency is associated with increased plasma apoM in mice.

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions: prevalence and symptoms in the general public.

Respiratory difficulties caused by exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions (EILOs) are reported with increasing frequency. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and symptoms of EILOs and their relation to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In total, 556 randomly selected youths in Copenhagen aged 14-24 years were invited over a 2-year period.