Training induces scapular dyskinesis in pain-free competitive swimmers: a reliability and observational study.

Objective: Scapular dyskinesis is a major etiological factor in overhead athletes' shoulder problems. Our hypotheses were to evaluate if (1) visual observation of scapular dyskinesis during scaption has substantial interobserver reliability, and (2) scapular dyskinesis may be induced by swim training in pain-free swimmers.

Design: A reliability and observational study.