Cytokine up-regulation in ischaemic/reperfused lungs perfused with University of Wisconsin solution and normal saline.

Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) lung injury using University of Wisconsin solution (UW) as perfusate has not been well studied. Isolated rat lungs were challenged with various periods of ischaemia and/or reperfusion. Haemodynamics, lung weight gain (LWG), capillary filtration coefficient (K(fc)), tissue pathology, the concentrations of cytokines in the perfusate, and mRNAs for the various cytokines in the lung tissues were measured.

Pore-to-pore hopping model for the interpretation of the pulsed gradient spin echo attenuation of water diffusion in cell suspension systems.

A simplified pore-to-pore hopping model for the two-phase diffusion problem is developed for the analysis of the pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) attenuation of water diffusion in the condensed cell suspension systems. In this model, the two phases inside and outside the cells are treated as two different kinds of pores, and the spin-bearing molecules perform hopping diffusion between them. The size and the orientations of those two respective pores are considered, and then the diffraction pattern of the PGSE attenuation may be well simulated.

Dexamethasone and pentastarch produce additive attenuation of ischaemia/reperfusion lung injury.

The choice of an intravenous solution for the attenuation of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) lung injury is still a difficult one. Although 10% (w/v) pentastarch has been used in ICU settings, its use in I/R lung injury has not been well explored. We hypothesized that this synthetic colloid substance, which maintains colloid osmotic pressure and potentially 'seals' capillary leaks, in combination with an anti-inflammatory agent (i.

Hypothermia and prostaglandin E(1) produce synergistic attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion lung injury.

Current methods of preserving lung tissue for transplantation are inadequate. In this study, we tested whether the combination of hypothermia plus prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) treatment would have synergistic attenuation on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lung injury. Isolated rat lung experiments with ischemia for 1 h then reperfusion for 1 h, were conducted using six different perfusates: (1) University of Wisconsin solution (UW) at 30 degrees C (n = 5), (2) UW at 22 degrees C (n = 5), (3) UW at 10 degrees C (n = 4), (4) UW+PGE(1) at 30 degrees C (n = 4), (5) UW+PGE(1) at 22 degrees C (n = 4), and (6) UW+PGE(1) at 10 degrees C (n = 4).

Protective agents used as additives in University of Wisconsin solution to promote protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rat lung.

1. An intervention to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion lung injury will be an important advance in transplant medicine. Although the mechanisms associated with producing ischaemia-reperfusion endothelial injury have not been completely elucidated, many of the injury mediators have been studied in detail.

1H-NMR measurement of fractional dissociation of imidazole in intact animals.

The alphastat hypothesis states that intracellular acid-base status is regulated to maintain constancy of the fractional dissociation of intracellular protein and enzyme imidazole-histidine (alpha-imidazole). A major drawback of this theory has been the lack of a means to directly measure alpha-imidazole in intact animals. We developed a method for directly measuring alpha-imidazole in intact unanesthetized animals using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).

Effects of temperature on muscle pHi and phosphate metabolites in newts and lungless salamanders.

The effect of acute alterations in body temperature (BT) on intracellular pH (pHi) and phosphate metabolites was assessed in white skeletal muscle of intact newts and lungless red-backed salamanders using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. pHi decreased with increasing BT in the tail muscle of both newts and lungless red-backed salamanders. The change in pH with change in temperature from 10 to 30 degrees C was -0.

Adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent host: a case report.

The development of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be associated with a variety of clinical disorders. Pulmonary cryptococcosis occurring in immunocompromised patients has been reported with increasing frequency because of the rapidly rising number of immunocompromised hosts and the improvement in diagnostic techniques. But pulmonary cryptococcosis causing ARDS in immunocompetent patients has not, to present knowledge, been described.

The effects of hypothermia on the intracellular pH of erythrocytes studied using 31P NMR and endogenous compounds.

The effects of hypothermia on the intracellular pH of human erythrocytes were studied non-invasively using 31P NMR spectroscopy and the endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate and inorganic phosphate. Specifically, the pH dependence of the 31P NMR chemical shifts of these compounds was used to measure the intracellular pH at 25 and 37 degrees C. The possibility of a non-pH-dependent change on the chemical shifts of the 2-P and 3-P resonances of glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate due to the presence of paramagnetic deoxy-haemoglobin (i.

Effects of fibrin glue on hemostasis.

In order to decrease complications following incomplete hemostasis, we tried to make a safe, efficient and highly concentrated fibrin glue by thawing single-donor fresh frozen plasma. Using a unique animal model, in which arterial bleeding was created, fibrin glue and some related hemostatic agents were tested to evaluate their hemostatic effectiveness. The results demonstrated that: 1) the concomitant use of cryoprecipitate-thrombin tissue glue with adjuvant (aprotinin or calcium chloride) had a better hemostatic effect than the use of cryoprecipitate-thrombin tissue glue alone (p < 0.