Development of Distillation Sensors for Spirit Beverages Production Monitoring Based on Impedance Spectroscopy Measurement and Partial Least-Squares Regression.

During spirit beverages production, the distillate is divided into three parts: the head, the heart, and the tail. Acetaldehyde and ethanol are two key markers which allow the correct separation of distillate. Being toxic, the elimination of the head part, which contains a high concentration of acetaldehyde, is crucial to guarantee the consumer's health and security.

DIVIS: a semantic DIstance to improve the VISualisation of heterogeneous phenotypic datasets.

Background: Thanks to the wider spread of high-throughput experimental techniques, biologists are accumulating large amounts of datasets which often mix quantitative and qualitative variables and are not always complete, in particular when they regard phenotypic traits. In order to get a first insight into these datasets and reduce the data matrices size scientists often rely on multivariate analysis techniques. However such approaches are not always easily practicable in particular when faced with mixed datasets.

Diversity and selection of the continuous-flowering gene, RoKSN, in rose.

Blooming seasonality is an important trait in ornamental plants and was selected by humans. Wild roses flower only in spring whereas most cultivated modern roses can flower continuously. This trait is explained by a mutation of a floral repressor gene, RoKSN, a TFL1 homologue.

Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Disrupts Blood Flow to Brain Regions Involved in Arousal and Decision Making in Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) affects one-quarter of adults with type 1 diabetes and significantly increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia. Differences in regional brain responses to hypoglycemia may contribute to the susceptibility of this group to problematic hypoglycemia. This study investigated brain responses to hypoglycemia in hypoglycemia aware (HA) and IAH adults with type 1 diabetes, using three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D pCASL) functional MRI to measure changes in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Alternatives to Carbon Dioxide-Taking Responsibility for Humanely Ending the Life of Animals.

Carbon dioxide (CO) is commonly used to kill rodents. However, a large body of research has now established that CO is aversive to them. A multidisciplinary symposium organized by the Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office discussed the drawbacks and alternatives to CO in euthanasia protocols for laboratory animals.

Hypoglycemic thalamic activation in type 1 diabetes is associated with preserved symptoms despite reduced epinephrine.

Brain responses to low plasma glucose may be key to understanding the behaviors that prevent severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the impact of long duration, hypoglycemia aware type 1 diabetes on cerebral blood flow responses to hypoglycemia. Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 15 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 15 non-diabetic controls during a two-step hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp.

Metabolism of Schizosaccharomyces pombe under reduced osmotic stress conditions afforded by fed-batch alcoholic fermentation of white grape must.

Strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe are being increasingly investigated with regards to their grape winemaking potential either in combination with the typical production yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or in monoseptic fermentations. Their ethanol tolerance and ability to degrade L-malic acid is oenologically convenient but contrasts with the comparatively high acetic acid and acetaldehyde formation potential which is considered undesirable, especially in white winemaking. The purpose of this work was to investigate the performance of a selected S.

[Euglycemic ketoacidosis : a complication of SGLT2 inhibitors].

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors constitute a new category of oral antidiabetics recently indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Their mechanism of action (inhibition of renal reabsorption of glucose) and the fact that they do not induce hypoglycemia (as monotherapy) make their clinical use interesting. Various adverse events have however been reported regarding these drugs with the euglycemic ketoacidosis being the most serious.

Evaluation of patients' engagement in radiation therapy safety.

Purpose: Treatment safety has become a priority in health policies after several incidents occurred around the world in radiation oncology departments. The aim of this study was to analyse the patients' contribution in that field and to understand which actions empower the patient in that regard.

Methods: Several methods were used in a general hospital and in a comprehensive cancer centre to analyse the activities of the radiation therapists and the patients and the interactions between them: treatment session observations, semidirective interviews with radiation therapists and patients, self and alloconfrontation with radiation therapists and explanatory interviews with patients.

Empowering patients for radiation therapy safety: Results of the EMPATHY study.

Purpose: With the increase of treatment complexity, enhancing safety is a key concern in radiation oncology. Beyond the involvement of the healthcare professional, patient involvement and empowerment could play a major role in that setting. We explored how patients perceived and fulfilled that role during their radiation treatment.

Nineteenth century French rose (Rosa sp.) germplasm shows a shift over time from a European to an Asian genetic background.

Hybridization with introduced genetic resources is commonly practiced in ornamental plant breeding to introgress desired traits. The 19th century was a golden age for rose breeding in France. The objective here was to study the evolution of rose genetic diversity over this period, which included the introduction of Asian genotypes into Europe.

On the characterization of flowering curves using Gaussian mixture models.

In this paper, we develop a statistical methodology applied to the characterization of flowering curves using Gaussian mixture models. Our study relies on a set of rosebushes flowering data, and Gaussian mixture models are mainly used to quantify the reblooming properties of each one. In this regard, we also suggest our own selection criterion to take into account the lack of symmetry of most of the flowering curves.

Home use of closed-loop insulin delivery for overnight glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes: a 4-week, multicentre, randomised crossover study.

Background: Closed-loop insulin delivery is a promising option to improve glycaemic control and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia. We aimed to assess whether overnight home use of automated closed-loop insulin delivery would improve glucose control.

Methods: We did this open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled, crossover study between Dec 1, 2012, and Dec 23, 2014, recruiting patients from three centres in the UK.

[Patient participation to patient safety in radiotherapy: a reality to be developed].

Background: Patient safety during radiotherapy has become a central priority for public policy further to the various accidents arisen at Epinal, Toulouse and Grenoble for the most symbolic. In this context, patients' involvement in the management of their own safety can be a way to improve the quality of care in general.

Objective And Method: This study was carried out in the radiotherapy department of the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital and aimed at analyzing the role of patients in the management of patient safety.

[Intestinal microbiota, obesity and insulin resistance].

The increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes represents one of the major public health problem in developed countries, leading to intensive research on the causes and intervention possibilities. Over the last years, intestinal flora became a first-line topic in this research: the development of techniques in molecular biology allowed a more specific approach and the elaboration of a genetic library of the intestinal microbiota. This article summarises acquired knowledge and hypothesis related to the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the development of obesity and insulin resistance.

[Can or must the patient participate to risk management in radiotherapy?].

Purpose: The present study aimed at analyzing if patient participation constitutes a promising way of improvement of patient safety, or not. The hypothesis is that patient participation is a means to develop a safety culture based on the cooperation between patients and healthcare providers, to improve patients' satisfaction and to reduce the costs associated to adverse events.

Patients And Methods: A half-day session was organized on this theme during a training of radiotherapy professionals on risk management.

Hypoglycemia unawareness is associated with reduced adherence to therapeutic decisions in patients with type 1 diabetes: evidence from a clinical audit.

Objective: Hypoglycemia unawareness increases severe hypoglycemia risk. Hypoglycemia avoidance restores awareness, but it is difficult to sustain. We compared adherence to treatment changes by awareness status.

[Type 2 diabetes: practical guide for starting ambulatory insulin therapy].

This practical guide describes the most currently used insulins--classified according to their duration of action, the insulin pens and the glucose monitoring devices. Various strategies of insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes are explained, with emphasis on the two most frequently used forms of therapy: combined daily oral agents and nocturnal insulin, and twice daily injections of long-acting insulin. The advantages and disadvantages of premixed insulin are described.

The effect of modafinil on counter-regulatory and cognitive responses to hypoglycaemia.

Aims/hypothesis: Our hypothesis is that reducing release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with modafinil will enhance symptomatic and hormonal responses to hypoglycaemia.

Methods: Nine healthy men received, in random order, two 100-mg doses of modafinil or placebo, followed by an insulin clamp in which plasma glucose was either reduced stepwise to 2.4 mmol/l or was sustained at euglycaemia (four studies).

Lactate: a preferred fuel for human brain metabolism in vivo.

Recent in vitro studies suggest that lactate, rather than glucose, may be the preferred fuel for neuronal metabolism. The authors examined the effect of lactate on global brain glucose uptake in euglycemic human subjects using 18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Eight healthy men, aged 40 to 54 years, underwent a 60-minute FDG-PET scan on two occasions in random order.

The effects of KATP channel modulators on counterregulatory responses and cognitive function during acute controlled hypoglycaemia in healthy men: a pilot study.

Aims: To examine the effects of agents that alter potassium adenosine triphosphate (KATP) channel activity in beta-cells on cognitive function and counterregulatory hormone responses during acute hypoglycaemia, given the physiological similarities between the pancreatic beta-cell and the hypothalamic glucose-sensitive neurones (GSN) and the widespread distribution of sulphonylurea receptors in neuronal cells throughout the brain.

Methods: Ten healthy males were studied on four occasions and in random order underwent three stepped hypoglycaemic (plasma glucose aims: 3.4, 2.

The role of insulin in human brain glucose metabolism: an 18fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography study.

The effect of basal insulin on global and regional brain glucose uptake and metabolism in humans was studied using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Eight healthy male volunteers aged 49.3 +/- 5.