Immunohistochemical evaluation of lymphovascular invasion in carcinoma breast with CD34 and D2-40 and its correlation with other prognostic markers.

Background: Carcinoma breast is ever-evolving and becoming increasingly prevalent in India. Numerous prognostic factors based on morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) have been established which need to be interconnected to give patients best possible treatment.

Aims: This study aims to confirm and analyze lymphovascular invasion (LVI) detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) using IHC with CD34 and D2-40 and its correlation with other biologic and morphologic prognostic markers.

Evaluation of Histologically and Histochemically Proven Cases of Vitiligo and its Correlation with CD4+ and CD8+ Lymphocyte Counts using Flow Cytometry.

Introduction: Vitiligo is an acquired cutaneous disorder characterized by progressive and selective destruction of melanocytes from the epidermis. Autoimmunity is strongly implicated in its pathogenesis. The destruction of melanocytes has a correlation with the peripheral blood lymphocyte imbalance mainly including Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+cells) and Helper T cells (CD4+cells).

Primary Extra-Gonadal Retroperitoneal Seminoma, Clinically Mimicking Sarcoma.

Extra-gonadal Germ cell tumours (EGCTs) are germ cell tumours that are found in locations other than the gonads. These tumours are seen in young males in the midline, mostly in the mediastinum followed by retroperitoneum, pineal gland, and sacrococcygeal area. While most of these are non-seminomatous, few are seminomatous.

To evaluate the role of bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy in pancytopenia.

Background: Pancytopenia is not a disease entity but a triad of findings that may result from various disease processes, primarily or secondarily involving the bone marrow. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy evaluation along with good clinical correlation is of utmost importance to evaluate the causes of pancytopenia and planning further investigations.

Aims: The present study was a prospective clinicohaematological study undertaken to analyse the various causes of pancytopenia by evaluating bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and correlating with clinical findings, complete blood counts and peripheral blood picture.

Primary subcutaneous inguinal hydatid cyst: diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Hydatid disease or human cystic echinococcosis, recognized by ancient scholars such as Hippocrates, Galen and Rhazes, is one of the oldest diseases known to man. Though hydatid cyst may develop in almost any part of the body, a solitary primary subcutaneous localization is an extremely rare entity. We herein report a case of primary subcutaneous inguinal hydatid cyst which was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Two case reports of ultrasonography features in male genital tuberculosis.

Genitourinary tuberculosis is the common manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. In the male genital tract, the epididymis followed by seminal vesicle, prostate, vas deferens and testis are commonly affected sites. Ultrasonography (USG) is the best imaging modality for the diagnosis of the diseases of male genital tract.

Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma with extensive squamous metaplasia and dysplasia.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of endometrium is a rare entity. Only 64 cases have been documented in the literature. We report a case of 60-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with abdominal distention and blood-stained vaginal discharge for 6-7 months.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in healthy blood donors--a prospective study.

In the last decade, hepatitis C has emerged from obscurity as a disease (Non A Non B Hepatitis)familiar to only a few experts, to being recognized as a major public health problem. The present study was done to find out the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus in 5000 blood donors in Patiala and to compare its seroprevalence in voluntary and replacement blood donors. The testing for HCV antibodies was done by ELISA technique using third generation HCV microlisa kit.