A standardized carotid endarterectomy care pathway is associated with lower ICU admission rates and a significant reduction in hospital charges.

Background: This study investigated the outcomes before and after initiation of a postoperative care pathway for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) patients.

Methods: A CEA pathway was developed with stakeholders. We compared in-hospital outcomes and charges (USD) for patients undergoing CEA 18 months before (11/2019-04/2021) vs.

Examiner-examinee gender concordance does not impact ratings on the American Board of Surgery Vascular Surgery Certifying Examination.

Objective: Implicit bias is a potential factor in the severity of examinee rating during oral examinations. Ratings may be impacted by examinee characteristics, such as gender, that are independent of examinee knowledge base, clinical judgment, or test-taking ability. The effects of examiner-examinee gender concordance in the Vascular Surgery Certifying Examination (VCE) have not been previously studied.

Implications of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services decision to expand indications for carotid artery stenting.

Objective: On October 11, 2023, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) expanded the indications for carotid artery stenting (CAS) to include patients with ≥50% symptomatic or ≥70% asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The aim of this article was to investigate the implications of this decision.

Methods: The reasons behind the increased coverage for CAS are analyzed and discussed, as well as the various Societies supporting or opposing the expansion of indications for CAS.

Automatic 1-year follow-up appointment creation and reminders can improve long-term follow-up after carotid revascularization.

Background: Long-term follow-up (LTFU) following carotid revascularization is important for post-surgical care, stroke risk optimization and post-market surveillance of new technologies.

Methods: We instituted a quality improvement project to improve LTFU rates for carotid revascularizations (primary outcome) by scheduling perioperative and one-year follow-up appointments at time of surgery discharge. A temporal trends analysis (Q1 2019 through Q1 2022), multivariable regression, and interrupted time series (ITS) were performed to compare pre-post intervention LTFU rates.

The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Relationship Between Diet and Human Health.

The interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health is complex. Diets associated with health have many similarities: high fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols while being low in saturated fats, sodium, and refined carbohydrates. Over the past several decades, dietary patterns have changed significantly in Westernized nations with the increased consumption of calorically dense ultraprocessed foods low in fiber and high in saturated fats, salt, and refined carbohydrates, leading to numerous negative health consequences including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease.

The vascular surgery in-training examination predicts performance on qualifying examination.

Objective: Vascular surgery trainees participate in the vascular surgery in-training examination (VSITE) during each year of their training. Although the VSITE was developed as a low-stakes, formative examination, performance on that examination might correlate with the pass rates for the Vascular Surgery Board written qualifying examination (VQE) and oral certifying examination (VCE) and might, therefore, guide both trainees and program directors. The present study was designed to examine the ability of the VSITE to predict trainees' performance on the VQE and VCE.

Drug-Eluting Stents are Associated with Superior Mid-Term Outcomes for the Treatment of Infrainguinal Bypass Graft Stenoses.

Background: We previously demonstrated that everolimus drug-eluting stents (eDES) have reasonable short-term patency for the treatment of infrainguinal bypass stenoses. The aim of this study is to compare mid-term outcomes of eDES, plain balloon angioplasty (PTA), percutaneous cutting balloon (PCB), and drug-coated balloon (DCB) interventions for failing infrainguinal bypasses.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with infrainguinal bypass stenoses treated by endovascular intervention (August 2010-August 2021).

Implementation of the Vascular Surgery Board virtual certifying examination.

Objective: The onset of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic mandated postponement of the in-person Vascular Surgery Board 2020 certifying examination (CE). Vascular surgery virtual CEs (VVCEs) were developed for the scheduled 2020 CEs (rescheduled to January 2021) and 2021 CEs (rescheduled to July 2021) to avoid postponing the certification testing. In the present study, we have reported the development, implementation, and outcomes of the first two VVCEs.

Does training paradigm matter? A comparison of outcomes of frail patients treated by integrated vascular surgery residency and vascular surgery fellowship-trained surgeons.

Background: It is unclear whether shortened training of integrated vascular surgery residencies (IVSR) has detrimental effects on graduates' performance. We sought to investigate whether there is a difference in frail patient outcomes based on the training paradigm completed by their surgeon.

Methods: IVSR and vascular surgery fellowship (VSF)-trained surgeons were identified in the American Board of Surgery database and linked to the Vascular Quality Initiative registry (2013-2019) to evaluate provider-specific patient outcomes for frail patients following vascular procedures using mixed-effects logistic regression.

Index atherectomy peripheral vascular interventions performed for claudication are associated with more reinterventions than nonatherectomy interventions.

Objective: Despite limited evidence supporting atherectomy alone over stenting/angioplasty as the index peripheral vascular intervention (PVI), the use of atherectomy has rapidly increased in recent years. We previously identified a wide distribution of atherectomy practice patterns among US physicians. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of index atherectomy with reintervention.

Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines for management of extracranial cerebrovascular disease.

Management of carotid bifurcation stenosis in stroke prevention has been the subject of extensive investigations, including multiple randomized controlled trials. The proper treatment of patients with carotid bifurcation disease is of major interest to vascular surgeons and other vascular specialists. In 2011, the Society for Vascular Surgery published guidelines for the treatment of carotid artery disease.

Evaluation of the Microbiome in Men Taking Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention.

Tenofovir-based regimens as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are highly effective at preventing HIV infection. The most common side-effect is gastrointestinal (GI) distress which may be associated with changes in the microbiome. Dysbiosis of the microbiome can have numerous health-related consequences.

Comparison of Patient Outcomes Among Integrated Residency Versus Fellowship-trained Vascular Surgeons.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether graduates of integrated vascular surgery residency (IVSR) programs achieve similar surgical outcomes in clinical practice as compared to graduates of vascular surgery fellowships (VSF).

Summary Of Background Data: Early sub-specialization through IVSR programs decreases the total years of surgical training. However, it is unclear whether IVSR graduates achieve comparable outcomes to fellowship-trained surgeons once in clinical practice.

Correction to: Presenting symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease: descriptive analysis of a community-based inception cohort.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.

Goals: We investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI).

Background: FMT has emerged as a promising therapy for patients with rCDI unresponsive to standard medical therapy, though long-term efficacy and safety data are scarce.

Materials And Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was performed on patients treated with FMT for rCDI with ≥6 months of clinical follow-up post-FMT.

Understanding the Scope of Do-It-Yourself Fecal Microbiota Transplant.

Objectives: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as an effective treatment option for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and is considered an investigational therapy for a number of other diseases. Social media has facilitated widespread exposure of the public to the gut microbiome and FMT, ultimately acting as a catalyst for the Do-It-Yourself (DIY)-FMT movement. The aims of this study were to identify factors that influenced willingness to pursue DIY-FMT including common indications, screening processes, sample preparation, and self-reported efficacy and safety outcomes.

Race and socioeconomic differences associated with endovascular peripheral vascular interventions for newly diagnosed claudication.

Background: Despite guidelines cautioning against the use of endovascular peripheral vascular interventions (PVI) for claudication, more than 1.3 million PVI procedures are performed annually in the United States. We aimed to describe national rates of PVI for claudication, and identify patient and county-level risk factors associated with a high rate of PVI.

The role of the Vascular Surgery Board in surgical education.

The American Board of Surgery (ABS) has more than 80 years of both direct and indirect involvement in US surgical education, with its primary role being certification of graduates of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved surgical training programs. The ABS's impact on education has been at multiple levels, including the development of the content and administration of qualifying and certifying examinations; original education research based on the Board's unique data sets; and surgical training and education-related initiatives in partnership with multiple regulatory bodies and surgical societies. Within these efforts, by incremental steps, the specialty of vascular surgery attained recognition as a primary specialty of the ABS, and the Vascular Surgery Board of the ABS was established 20 years ago, in 1998.

Presenting symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease: descriptive analysis of a community-based inception cohort.

Background: Few data are currently available on the initial presenting symptoms of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We evaluated the initial symptom presentation of patients with IBD in the Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry (OSCCAR), a community-based inception cohort that enrolled Rhode Island IBD patients at time of diagnosis with longitudinal follow up. A 41-question symptom inventory was administered at time of enrollment to capture symptoms experienced during the 4 weeks preceding diagnosis of IBD.

Drug-eluting stents are associated with improved outcomes for the treatment of infrainguinal bypass graft stenoses.

Background: Existing endovascular therapies for failing infrainguinal bypass grafts are associated with modest patency rates. The use of everolimus drug-eluting stents (eDESs) for endovascular bypass graft revision has not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to describe and to compare clinical outcomes of eDESs vs percutaneous cutting balloons (PCBs) vs percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of infrainguinal bypass graft stenoses.