Atypical presentation of herpes simplex virus 2 primary infection: a case report.

Background: Cervicitis, an infectious or noninfectious inflammation of the cervix, encompasses a wide range of clinical conditions, from asymptomatic infections to severe lesions, making its diagnosis difficult. Acute cervicitis may develop into pelvic inflammatory disease. In patients with cervicitis, current guidelines recommend testing for herpes simplex virus when external genital lesions are present.

Prolapsed Uterine Fibroid: Value of MRI in Case of Massive Bleeding.

In case of acute bleeding caused by a mass located in the vagina, it may be difficult to assess the origin of the mass and determine whether it is benign or malignant; MRI is a useful tool for mass detection, diagnosis, and treatment decision.

Multimodality Imaging of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Complicated with Tubo-Ovarian Abscess.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most frequent gynecologic cause of emergency visits. Because of its prevalence and non-specific symptoms, the radiologist may encounter this pathology and its complications on all imaging modalities and should carefully assess PID signs to avoid delay in management, late complications, and unnecessary surgery.

BRCA1 Mutation: An Insidious Enemy with Multiple Facets….

Epidemiological studies suggest that around 10% of breast cancers are due to hereditary predisposition. The risk of cancer is exponentially increased in patients harboring or mutations. Cumulative breast cancer risk by age 80 is estimated to 72% for mutation carriers and 69% for .

Semi-quantitative CT scoring of nailed shaft fractures during normal healing and in non-unions: comparison with radiographic scoring.

Purpose: To compare tomographic (TUS) with radiographic (RUS) union scores in nailed shaft fractures during normal healing and in non-unions.

Methods: Two radiologists blinded to fracture age separately determined RUS and TUS in nailed femoral or tibial shaft fractures by analyzing the radiographic and CT examinations obtained in 47 patients during normal healing (early fracture group; 24 study participants, 17 men,19 tibias, mean fracture-CT delay 109 ± 57 days [42-204 days]) and in surgically proven non-united fractures (late fracture group, 23 patients, 14 men, 12 tibias, mean fracture-CT delay 565 ± 519 days[180-1983 days]). In both study groups, we determined the inter- and intra-observer agreement of RUS and TUS and compared TUS with RUS.

Two-point Dixon fat-water swapping artifact: lesion mimicker at musculoskeletal T2-weighted MRI.

Fat-water swapping is an artifact specific to chemical shift encoded MRI and so-called Dixon methods. It is more frequent using the 2-point than the multi-point (> 2) Dixon method. Actually, fat-water swapping on the 2-point Dixon sequences partly triggered the development of the multi-point techniques.

Semi-quantitative CT assessment of fracture healing: How many and which CT reformats should be analyzed?

Purpose: To assess how many and which CT reformats of long bone non-unions should be analyzed to best approximate the analysis of a larger number of CT reformats obtained in the three orthogonal planes.

Method: We used 29 CT examinations of tibial or femoral non-unions to obtain 87 stacks of 7 CT reformats each in the coronal (n = 29), sagittal (n = 29) or transverse (n = 29) planes. Two independent radiologists scored two fracture sites on each CT reformat by using a Tomographic Union Score (TUS) (1: no callus, 2: non-bridging callus; 3: bridging immature callus; 4: bridging remodeled callus).

Fasciae of the musculoskeletal system: MRI findings in trauma, infection and neoplastic diseases.

The fascial system is a continuum of connective tissues present everywhere throughout the body that can be locally involved in a large variety of disorders. These disorders include traumatic disorders (Morel-Lavallée lesion, myo-aponeurotic injuries, and muscle hernia), septic diseases (necrotizing and non-necrotizing cellulitis and fasciitis), and neoplastic diseases (superficial fibromatosis, desmoid tumors, and sarcomas). The current pictorial review aims to focus on these localized disorders involving the fasciae of the musculoskeletal system and their appearance at MRI.

Case Reports in Oncological Medicine Myoepithelioma: A New Rearrangement Involving the Locus in a Case of Multiple Bone and Soft Tissue Lesions.

We report a case of multiple myoepithelioma with synchronous bone and soft tissue tumors, associated with a new genomic alteration of the locus. The lesions occurred in the foot by presenting one lump in the plantar soft tissue, and three lesions were detected in the calcaneus and in the navicular bone. All tumors showed the double immunophenotype of epithelial markers and S100 protein expression.

Can we assess healing of surgically treated long bone fractures on radiograph?

Purpose: To determine the frequency and causes for limitations in the radiographic evaluation of surgically treated long bone fractures.

Materials And Methods: Six readers separately scored 140 sets of antero-posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of surgically treated long bone fractures, using a radiographic union score (RUS). We determined the rate of assessability of the fracture edges at each of the four cortical segments (n=560) seen tangentially on the two radiographs and the causes for non-assessability.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee: Identification of difficult-to-diagnose meniscal lesions.

This article characterizes common meniscal pathologies, reviews magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic criteria for meniscal tears, and identifies difficult-to-detect tears and fragments and the best MRI sequences and practices for recognizing these lesions. These difficult-to-diagnose meniscal lesions that radiologists should consider include tears, meniscocapsular separation lesions, and displaced meniscal fragments. Meniscus tears are either vertical, which are generally associated with traumatic injury, horizontal, which are associated with degenerative injury, or combinations of both.

Value of a radiographic score for the assessment of healing of nailed femoral and tibial shaft fractures: A retrospective preliminary study.

Objectives: To assess the value of a radiographic score for the detection of delayed union in nailed fractures.

Methods: The modified radiographic union score (mRUS) values were determined by three separate radiologists on 259 radiographic sets of 58 nailed tibial or femoral fractures obtained at different timepoints after fracture (mean of 4.5 radiographic sets per fracture).

Fat suppression at three-dimensional T1-weighted MR imaging of the hands: Dixon method versus CHESS technique.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of fat suppression and the image quality of the Dixon method with those of the chemical shift-selective (CHESS) technique in hands of normal subjects at non-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted MR imaging.

Materials And Methods: Both hands of 14 healthy volunteers were imaged with 3D fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) T1-weighted Dixon, 3D FSPGR T1-weighted CHESS and 3D T1-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) CHESS sequences in a 1.5T MR scanner.

Fat suppression at 2D MR imaging of the hands: Dixon method versus CHESS technique and STIR sequence.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of fat suppression and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Dixon method with those of the CHESS (Chemical Shift-Selective) technique and STIR (Short Tau Inversion Recovery) sequence in hands of normal subjects at 2D MR imaging.

Material And Methods: 14 healthy volunteers (mean age of 29.4 years) consented to have both hands prospectively imaged with SE T1 Dixon, T1 CHESS, T2 Dixon, T2 CHESS and STIR sequences in a 1.

Multirater agreement for grading the femoral and tibial cartilage surface lesions at CT arthrography and analysis of causes of disagreement.

Objective: To assess the multirater agreement of the modified Outerbridge system for the grading of predefined areas of femorotibial cartilage at CT arthrography with multiple readers, with varying experience.

Design: Five readers with varying experience (two junior radiologists, three musculoskeletal radiologists including two experts in cartilage imaging) separately analyzed 962 cartilage sectors from pre-divided knee CT arthrograms with femorotibial osteoarthritis (Kellgren/Lawrence=3). Each cartilage area was graded twice by each reader, at a three-month interval, according to the modified 5-grade Outerbridge system.

Self-resolving focal non-ossifying myositis: a poorly known clinical and imaging entity diagnosed with MRI.

Background: Focal myositis is a rare benign inflammatory pseudotumor, presenting as a painful nodular mass within a muscle, and characterized by spontaneous resolution within weeks.

Purpose: To assess the clinical and imaging findings of focal nodular myositis simulating a neoplasm at clinical examination, with no history of trauma.

Material And Methods: This study describes the locations and appearance at ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of this condition in a series of five patients.

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in musculoskeletal diseases: current concepts.

MR imaging is currently regarded as a pivotal technique for the assessment of a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) is a relatively recent sequence that provides information on the degree of cellularity of lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value provides information on the movement of water molecules outside the cells.

Lumbar pain with intracranial origin.

A 48-year-old woman presented low-back pain radiating to the lower right leg. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine revealed a L4-L5 subacute subdural hematoma (SDH). The patient had no general or local cause for this lumbar SDH, such as coagulation disorder, trauma, surgery, or lumbar puncture.