NASA SPRINT exercise program efficacy for vastus lateralis and soleus skeletal muscle health during 70 days of simulated microgravity.

The efficacy of the NASA SPRINT exercise countermeasures program for quadriceps (vastus lateralis) and triceps surae (soleus) skeletal muscle health was investigated during 70 days of simulated microgravity. Individuals completed 6° head-down-tilt bedrest (BR, = 9), bedrest with resistance and aerobic exercise (BRE, = 9), or bedrest with resistance and aerobic exercise and low-dose testosterone (BRE + T, = 8). All groups were periodically tested for muscle ( = 9 times) and aerobic ( = 4 times) power during bedrest.

Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on expression of innate immune components in skeletal muscle of women.

This study examined the effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on innate immune system components in the skeletal muscle of healthy women in the basal state and after an unaccustomed resistance exercise (RE) challenge. We also made exploratory between-sex comparisons with our previous report on men. Three groups of women were studied: young exercisers (YE, = 10, 25 ± 1 yr, V̇o: 44 ± 2 mL/kg/min), lifelong aerobic exercisers with a 48 ± 2 yr training history (LLE, = 7, 72 ± 2 yr, V̇o: 26 ± 2 mL/kg/min), and old healthy nonexercisers (OH, = 10, 75 ± 1 yr, V̇o: 18 ± 1 mL/kg/min).

Effects of acute aerobic exercise on circulating sTLR and sRAGE profiles in normal- and abnormal-glucose-tolerant individuals.

BMI-matched normal- (NGT, n = 10, 41 ± 4y, 35.6 ± 3.0 kg/m ) and abnormal-glucose-tolerant (AGT, n = 16, 51 ± 3y, 34.

Soluble RAGE and skeletal muscle tissue RAGE expression profiles in lean and obese young adults across differential aerobic exercise intensities.

Nearly 40% of Americans have obesity and are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for >80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake that is attenuated by the inflammatory milieu of obesity and augmented by aerobic exercise. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is an inflammatory receptor directly linking metabolic dysfunction with inflammation.

Exercise-induced changes to the fiber type-specific redox state in human skeletal muscle are associated with aerobic capacity.

The benefits of exercise involve skeletal muscle redox state alterations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We determined the fiber-specific effects of acute exercise on the skeletal muscle redox state in healthy adults. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 19 participants (11 M, 8 F; 26 ± 4 yr) at baseline (fasted) and 30 min and 3 h after treadmill exercise at 80% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o).

An Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury Risk Screening and Reduction Program for High School Female Athletes: A Pilot Study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury causes physical, mental, and financial burdens. Therefore, it is imperative to screen, identify, and educate athletes who are at high-risk. The combination of screening and education could identify those at risk and potentially reduce future injuries.

Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Utilization.

The cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems are intrinsically interconnected, sharing the goal of delivering oxygen to metabolically active tissue. Deficiencies within those systems that affect oxygen delivery to working tissues are a hallmark of advancing age. Oxygen delivery and utilization are reflected as muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and are assessed using near-infrared resonance spectroscopy (NIRS).

Bilateral Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction After Surgical Fissure Completion.

Although bilateral lung volume reduction surgery has been shown to be safe and effective in carefully selected patients with upper lobe-predominant emphysema and hyperinflation, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction via placement of endobronchial valves is conventionally performed only unilaterally. Furthermore, it is not offered to patients with interlobar collateral ventilation because of the lack of clinical efficacy. We describe two novel management approaches including (1) bilateral bronchoscopic lung volume reduction, and (2) a combined thoracic surgical and interventional pulmonary procedure involving surgical fissure completion followed by endobronchial valve placement, which culminated in safe and effective lung volume reduction of both lungs along with an excellent patient outcome.

Advanced Glycation End Products and Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients After the Ingestion of a Protein-Dense Meal.

Objective: The goal of this investigation was to evaluate circulating and skeletal muscle inflammatory biomarkers between maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and demographic-matched control subjects (CON) before and after ingestion of a protein-rich meal.

Design And Methods: CON (n = 8; 50 ± 2 years; 31 ± 1 kg/m) and MHD patients (n = 8; 56 ± 5 years; 32 ± 2 kg/m) underwent a basal blood draw and muscle biopsy and serial blood draws after the ingestion of a mixed meal on a nondialysis day. Plasma advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and markers of oxidation were assessed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and after the meal (+240 min).

Perceptions of Social Media Use to Augment Health Care Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: Survey Study.

Background: For individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), adolescence and young adulthood are times of significant vulnerability and have been associated with clinical and psychosocial challenges. Social media may offer innovative care delivery solutions to address these challenges.

Objective: This study explored motivations and attitudes regarding current social media use and preferences for a social media platform in a sample of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with CF.

Patient and family perceptions of telehealth as part of the cystic fibrosis care model during COVID-19.

Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a chronic multi-system disease best cared for at Care centers with routine monitoring by interdisciplinary teams. Previously, remote home monitoring technology has been explored to augment in-person care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional in-person care was limited and CF centers rapidly adapted to a telehealth delivery model.

Rapid Implementation of Telehealth Services in a Pediatric Pulmonary Clinic During COVID-19.

Objectives: The coronavirus pandemic created significant, abrupt challenges to the delivery of ambulatory health care. Because tertiary medical centers limited elective in-person services, telehealth was rapidly enacted in settings with minimal previous experience to allow continued access to care. With this quality improvement (QI) initiative, we aimed to achieve a virtual visit volume of at least 75% of our prepandemic volume.

An evaluation of healthcare utilization and clinical charges in children and adults with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Prior studies have estimated healthcare costs for cystic fibrosis (CF) of $8000-$131,000, but do not account for impacts of CF modulator therapy. This study aims to assess utilization patterns and cost of CF care in a center in the United States.

Methods: Care utilization patterns and costs at a large pediatric-adult CF center were examined from November 2017 to November 2018.

Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation in women.

Low muscle mass and frailty are especially prevalent in older women and may be accelerated by age-related inflammation. Habitual physical activity throughout the life span (lifelong exercise) may prevent muscle inflammation and associated pathologies, but this is unexplored in women. This investigation assessed basal and acute exercise-induced inflammation in three cohorts of women: young exercisers (YE, = 10, 25 ± 1 yr, [Formula: see text]: 44 ± 2 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 59 ± 2 cm), old healthy nonexercisers (OH, = 10, 75 ± 1 yr, [Formula: see text]: 18 ± 1 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 40 ± 1 cm), and lifelong aerobic exercisers with a 48 ± 2 yr aerobic training history (LLE, = 7, 72 ± 2 yr, [Formula: see text]: 26 ± 2 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 42 ± 2 cm).

Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on expression of innate immune components in human skeletal muscle.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of aging and lifelong exercise on skeletal muscle components of the innate immune system. Additionally, the effects of an acute resistance exercise (RE) challenge were explored. Three groups of men were studied: young exercisers (YE: = 10, 25 ± 1 yr; V̇o: 53 ± 3 mL/kg/min; quadriceps size: 78 ± 3 cm), lifelong aerobic exercisers with a 53 ± 1 yr training history (LLE; = 21, 74 ± 1 yr; V̇o: 34 ± 1 mL/kg/min; quadriceps size: 67 ± 2 cm), and old healthy nonexercisers (OH: = 10, 75 ± 1 yr; V̇o: 22 ± 1 mL/kg/min, quadriceps size: 56 ± 3 cm).

Cerebrospinal fluid diversion versus bariatric surgery in the management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition affecting predominantly young women with increased body mass index (BMI). Obesity with the related metabolic and biochemical complications are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety, outcomes and economic implications of two treatment options for IIH.

Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation.

Age-associated chronic basal inflammation compromises muscle mass and adaptability, but exercise training may exert an anti-inflammatory effect. This investigation assessed basal and exercise-induced inflammation in three cohorts of men: young exercisers [YE; = 10 men; 25 ± 1 yr; maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o), 53 ± 3 mL·kg·min; quadriceps area, 78 ± 3 cm; means ± SE], old healthy nonexercisers (OH; = 10; 75 ± 1 yr; V̇o, 22 ± 1 mL·kg·min; quadriceps area, 56 ± 3 cm), and lifelong exercisers with an aerobic training history of 53 ± 1 yr (LLE; = 21; 74 ± 1 yr; V̇o, 34 ± 1 mL·kg·min; quadriceps area, 67 ± 2 cm). Resting serum IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and IGF-1 levels were measured.

American Thoracic Society 2019 Pediatric Core Curriculum.

The American Thoracic Society Pediatric Core Curriculum updates clinicians annually in pediatric pulmonary disease in a 3 to 4 year recurring cycle of topics. The 2019 course was presented in May during the Annual International Conference. An American Board of Pediatrics Maintenance of Certification module and a continuing medical education exercise covering the contents of the Core Curriculum can be accessed online at www.

Experimental Hyperglycemia Alters Circulating Concentrations and Renal Clearance of Oxidative and Advanced Glycation End Products in Healthy Obese Humans.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of experimental hyperglycemia on oxidative damage (OX), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) through an in vivo approach. Obese subjects ( = 10; 31.2 ± 1.

Antifibrinolytic Agents for Hemoptysis Management in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Hemoptysis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Antifibrinolytic agents have shown efficacy in a broad range of bleeding disorders and conditions.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the use of antifibrinolytic agents in managing hemoptysis in CF.