Hydroxychloroquine induces oxidative stress and impairs fracture healing in rats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQS) induced oxidative stress and how it affected the union of bone fractures in an experimental rat model.

Materials And Methods: A total of 48 Wistar albino male rats were used. The rats were divided into six groups.

Effects of noopept on ocular, pancreatic and renal histopathology in streptozotocin induced prepubertal diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease at all ages including childhood and puberty. Failure to treat DM can cause retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Endocrine and metabolic changes during the pubertal period complicate management of DM.

Investigation of Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Cytotoxic Activities of Flavonoids Isolated from Pulicaria armena Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss. (Asteraceae).

This is the first report on the separation and biological assessment of all metabolites derived from Pulicaria armena (Asteraceae) which is an endemic species narrowly distributed in the eastern part of Turkey. The phytochemical analysis of P. armena resulted in the identification of one simple phenolic glucoside together with eight flavon and flavonol derivatives whose chemical structures were elucidated by NMR experiments and by the comparison of the spectral data with the relevant literature.

Two new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene derivatives from (Lam.) DC.

Two new sesquiterpene glucosides, 1,6,9-trihydroxy-eudesm-4(15)-en-1,6---diglucopyranoside () and 1,6,9-trihydroxy-eudesm-3-en-1,6---diglucopyranoside () were obtained along with the 1α,6,9-trihydroxy-5,10-bis-epi-eudesm-3-en-6---D-glucopyranoside , chlorogenic acid , luteolin 7--rutinoside and luteolin 7-- glucoside from the whole plant parts of . Their structures were determined on the basis of 1 D, 2 D NMR and HRMS analyses. The cytotoxic activity of compounds against human lung cancer cells (A549) and normal human lung cells (BEAS-2B) was determined using the MTT colorimetric assay.

Isolation, Characterization and in Silico Studies of Secondary Metabolites from Jurinea macrocephala DC. with Antiproliferative Activity.

In the present work, cytotoxic potential of Jurinea macrocephala DC. (Asteraceae) was evaluated on A549 lung cancer and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Isolation studies were carried out using various and repetitive chromatographic methods in order to determine the phytochemical profile of the extracts.

Noopept Attenuates Diabetes-Mediated Neuropathic Pain and Oxidative Hippocampal Neurotoxicity via Inhibition of TRPV1 Channel in Rats.

Neuropathic pain and oxidative neurotoxicity are two adverse main actions of diabetes mellitus (DM). The expression levels of calcium ion (Ca) permeable TRPV1 channels are high in the dorsal root ganglion (DRGs) and hippocampus (HIPPO). TRPV1 is activated by capsaicin and reactive free oxygen radicals (fROS) to mediate peripheral neuropathy and neurotoxicity.

biological activity of Mill. infusion against amyloid -peptide-induced toxicity and inhibition of GSK-3, CK-1, and BACE-1 enzymes relevant to Alzheimer's disease.

species have been traditionally used to improve cognition and have been proved to be a potential natural treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Mill. (Turkish sage or Greek sage) demonstrated to have anticholinergic effects .

Flavonoid Glycosides from Fenzl.

Objectives: The objective was to isolate and characterize the secondary metabolites of , which has not been previously investigated.

Materials And Methods: Conventional chromatographic procedures were carried out for isolation of the compounds. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis in combination with mass spectrometry experiments and comparison with the relevant literature data.

Icariin promotes early and late stages of fracture healing in rats.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of locally applied icariin on bone fracture healing in femur fractured rat model.

Materials And Methods: The study included 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats (mean age 6 months; weighing, 280-490 g) in eight main study groups. Fracture healing process and level were evaluated with radiography, histopathology and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to investigate the effects of local administration of icariin at varying doses, which is an exogenous osteo-inductive substance.

Effects of noopept on cognitive functions and pubertal process in rats with diabetes.

Aim: Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a common chronic disease in childhood. Increasing insulin resistance in puberty gives rise to higher doses of insulin usage in treatment. Of this reason new approaches in treatment are needed.

Molecular docking and ex vivo and in vitro anticholinesterase activity studies of Salvia sp. and highlighted rosmarinic acid.

Background/aim: To evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and antioxidant capacity of the major molecule from Salvia sp., rosmarinic acid, as a drug candidate molecule for treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD).

Materials And Methods: The AChE inhibitory activity of different extracts from Salvia trichoclada, Salvia verticillata, and Salvia fruticosa was determined by the Ellman and isolated guinea pig ileum methods, and the antioxidant capacity was determined with DPPH.

Chemical constituents of two sages with free radical scavenging activity.

From the aerial parts of Salvia trichoclada Bentham and S. verticillata L. one new and two known phenolic acids, 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl propionic acid (1), 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid (2), and rosmarinic acid (3); two flavonoids, apigenin 4'-methyl ether 7-O-glucuronide (4), and luteolin 7-O-beta glucuronide (5); two lupan type triterpene aglycones, lupeol (6), and 30-hydroxylup-20 (29)-en-3-on (7); an oleanane-type triterpene acid, oleanolic acid (8); and an ursan-type triterpene acid, ursolic acid (9) were isolated.