Administration of Alphitobius diaperinus or Tenebrio molitor before meals transiently increases food intake through enterohormone regulation in female rats.

Background: It has been previously shown that acutely administered insect Alphitobius diaperinus protein increases food intake in rats and modifies the ex vivo enterohormone secretory profile differently than beef or almond proteins. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether these effects could be maintained for a longer period and determine the underlying mechanisms.

Results: We administered two different insect species to rats for 26 days and measured food intake at different time points.

Differential effects of a cafeteria diet and GSPE preventive treatments on the enterohormone secretions of aged young female rats.

Grape seed derived procyanidins (GSPE) have been shown to effectively prevent intestinal disarrangements induced by a cafeteria diet in young rats. However, little is known about the effects of procyanidins and cafeteria diet on enterohormone secretion in aged rats, as the ageing processes modify these effects. To study these effects in aged rats, we subjected 21-month-old and young 2-month-old female rats to two sub-chronic preventive GSPE treatments.

Effect of a Mycotoxin Binder (MMDA) on the Growth Performance, Blood and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Fed Ochratoxin A and T-2 Mycotoxin Contaminated Diets.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the feed additive, a novel multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA) containing modified zeolite (clinoptilolite), , , cell walls, and silymarin, as detoxifiers of 0.5 mg/kg (0.5 ppm) ochratoxin A (OTA) and 1 mg/kg (1 ppm) T-2 toxin on broiler chickens.

Effect of Raw and Extruded Propionic Acid-Treated Field Beans on Energy and Crude Protein Digestibility ( and ), Growth and Carcass Quality in Grow-Finisher Pigs.

The ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) of field beans treated with propionic acid (trFB) and extruded trFB (exFB) was determined in experiment 1. The DE and dCP values of trFB and exFB were determined using the difference method in experiment 2. The effect of replacing SBM with trFB and exFB in grow-finisher diets on growth, carcass quality, apparent ileal digestibility (AiD), and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, OM, gross energy (GE), and CP were investigated in experiment 3.

Biomarkers of Deoxynivalenol Toxicity in Chickens with Special Emphasis on Metabolic and Welfare Parameters.

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by species, is the most widespread mycotoxin in poultry feed worldwide. Long term-exposure from low to moderate DON concentrations can produce alteration in growth performance and impairment of the health status of birds. To evaluate the efficacy of mycotoxin-detoxifying agent alleviating the toxic effects of DON, the most relevant biomarkers of toxicity of DON in chickens should be firstly determined.

Effects of Deoxynivalenol-Contaminated Diets on Metabolic and Immunological Parameters in Broiler Chickens.

The current study was conducted to examine the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) at different levels (5 and 15 mg/kg feed) on the metabolism, immune response and welfare parameters of male broiler chickens (Ross 308) at 42 days old. Forty-five 1 day-old broiler chickens were randomly distributed into three different dietary treatments: (1) control, (2) DON-contaminated diet with 5 mg DON/kg of feed (guidance level), and (3) DON-contaminated diet with 15 mg DON/kg of feed. Five replicated cages with three birds each were used for each treatment in a randomized complete block design.

Effects of Deoxynivalenol-Contaminated Diets on Productive, Morphological, and Physiological Indicators in Broiler Chickens.

The present study with 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) was conducted to evaluate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) at different levels (5 and 15 mg/kg feed) on growth performance, relative weight of organs, morphology of the small intestine, serum biochemistry, and welfare parameters of broiler chickens. Forty-five broiler chicks were randomly divided into three different experimental groups with five replicates each: (1) control group received a non-contaminated diet, (2) contaminated diet with 5 mg DON/kg of feed, and (3) contaminated diet with 15 mg DON/kg of feed for 42 days. Results showed that feed artificially contaminated with DON at guidance level (5 mg/kg diet) did not affect growth performance parameters.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Target the Enteroendocrine System in Cafeteria-Diet-Fed Rats.

Scope: The effects on the enteroendocrine system of three different grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) treatments are analyzed in rats on a cafeteria diet for 17 weeks.

Methods And Results: GSPE is administered in a corrective manner (15 last days of the cafeteria diet) at two doses, 100 and 500 mg GSPE per kg bw. A third, longer treatment in which GSPE (500 mg kg bw) is administered daily every other week during the 17 weeks of the cafeteria diet is also tested.

A specific dose of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins to inhibit body weight gain limits food intake and increases energy expenditure in rats.

Purpose: Several studies have suggested that flavanols may have antiobesity effects; however, those effects clearly depend on the experimental conditions. In a previous study, we found that a single acute dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has satiating effects. We therefore hypothesise that satiating doses of GSPE could be used to reduce body weight gain, and our present objective was to define the most effective dose.

Dietary β-galactomannans have beneficial effects on the intestinal morphology of chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the leading causes of food-borne salmonellosis in humans. Poultry is the single largest reservoir, and the consumption of incorrectly processed chicken meat and egg products is the major source of infection. Since 2006, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters has been banned in the European Union, and the dietary inclusion of β-galactomannans (βGM) has become a promising strategy to control and prevent intestinal infections.

Effects of a mono-component endo-xylanase supplementation on the nutritive value of wheat-based broiler diets.

1. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of a mono-component thermostable endo-1,4-β-xylanase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus on the nutritive value of wheat-based broiler diets. In a 5-week growth trial, the efficacy of xylanase supplementation at 0, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 4000 FXU/kg diet was evaluated.

Occurrence and bioaccumulation study of PCDD and PCDF from mineral feed additives.

Extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was evaluated in sepiolite matrices. Soxhlet extraction using different extracting strategies and acid treatment were tested. Acid treatment or Soxhlet extraction using a mixture of toluene:ethanol as solvent allowed to reach the minimum requirements for recovery rates.

Phosphorus equivalence of a Consensus phytase produced by Hansenula polymorpha in diets for young turkeys.

An experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of a so-called consensus phytase preparation produced by Hansenula polymorpha on growth, tibia and toe ash and P retention of young turkeys. A total of 192 female turkeys (BUT 9 strain) were placed into 96 batteries at two per cage and assigned to one of eight diets: A negative control containing 2.5 g non-phytate P per kg feed (T-1); T-1 plus 125, 250, 500, 1000 or 10 000 phytase units (U) per kg feed, respectively, (T-2 to T-6); T-1 plus 0.

Assessment of potential interactions between phytase and glycosidase enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility in broilers.

The effects of microbial 3-phytase and glycosidase enzymes, and their interactions, on energy values and nutrient digestibility in diets rich in nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) were studied in diets based on corn, wheat, or barley. Four diets were prepared with each cereal grain. One had no enzymes, a second had 500 units of phytase, a third had glycosidase enzyme, and a fourth had phytase and glycosidase.

Potential role of glycosidase inhibitors in industrial biotechnological applications.

The nutrient content of food and animal feed may be improved through new knowledge about enzymatic changes in complex carbohydrates. Enzymatic hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates containing alpha or beta glycosidic bonds is very important in nutrition and in several technological processes. These enzymes are called glycosidases (Enzyme Class 3.

Mildew-resistant mutants induced in North American two- and six-rowed malting barley cultivars.

Mildew-resistant mutants were induced with sodium azide in three North American malting barley cultivars, two in the six-rowed Ursula (URS1 and URS2), one in the six-rowed Gertrud (GER1), and one in the two-rowed Prudentia (PRU1). Two of the mutants, URS1 and PRU1, showed complete resistance and were shown to have two new alleles at the mlo locus; these were designated, respectively, mlo31 and mlo32. Mutant URS2, showing partial resistance, was inherited as a dominant gene, but was not an allele at the Mla locus.

Influence of source and ratio of xanthophyll pigments on broiler chicken pigmentation and performance.

One experiment was conducted using 960 1-d-old, sexed broilers of Ross 308 strain from 1 to 43 d to evaluate if one type of chemically isomerized marigold with 25% of xanthophylls as zeaxanthin (SME-25) could produce pigmentation equivalent to the current addition of conventional marigold with 10% of xanthophylls as zeaxanthin (SME-10) plus canthaxanthin (CTX) in practical broiler diets (maize-wheat-soybean). Birds were allocated in 32 pens, in a randomized complete block design (four blocks x four treatments). The treatments consisted of a nonpigmented control (T1), a combination of 35 ppm of yellow xanthophylls (YX) from SME-10 + 5 ppm of CTX (T2), a combination of 32 ppm of YX from SME-10 + 2 ppm of CTX (T4), and one treatment with 40 ppm of YX from a new SME-25 (T3).

Effect of dietary iron and copper on performance and oxidative stability in broiler leg meat.

1. An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of removal of supplemental iron and copper from broiler diets during the last 3 weeks before slaughter on broiler performance, tissue vitamin E concentrations and oxidation values in raw; cooked and stored broiler leg meat. 2.

Effect of beta-carotene and vitamin E on oxidative stability in leg meat of broilers fed different supplemental fats.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary fat (6% lard and sunflower and olive oil) and supplementation of alpha-tocopheryl acetate or beta-carotene on vitamin E content and lipid oxidation in raw, cooked, and chilled-stored broiler leg meat. Vitamin E increased its tissue level, reducing lipid oxidation. The oxidative stability of leg meat tended to decrease with dietary sunflower oil.

Bioefficacy of enzyme preparations containing beta-glucanase and xylanase activities in broiler diets based on barley or wheat, in combination with flavomycin.

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of two enzyme preparations containing beta-glucanase and xylanase activities on barley- and wheat-based diets, respectively, for broilers, in combination with flavomycin. In addition, the stability of the enzyme preparations after pelleting was measured. Temperatures recorded during the pelleting process reached 75 to 80 C, and the activities recovered with respect to the amounts present in the mash feed before pelleting were 80% or higher.

Determination of beta-(1-3),(1-4)-D-glucans in barley by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

An HPLC method for the determination of beta-glucan in barley was developed. The beta-glucan was hydrolysed with lichenase [endo-beta-(1-3),(1-4)-D-glucan-4-glucanhydrolase from Bacillus subtilis] to oligosaccharides, which were analysed by reversed-phase HPLC using water as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.7 ml/min.

The differences in intestinal viscosity produced by barley and beta-glucanase alter digesta enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibilities more in broiler chicks than in cocks.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether intestinal viscosity caused by mixed linked barley beta-glucan depresses ileal nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities and to determine the interaction of intestinal viscosity, digestive enzyme activities and ileal nutrient digestibility in different ages of poultry. In Experiments 1 and 2, 1-d-old broiler chicks and 1-y-old cocks, respectively, were fed diets with 60% corn, low and high viscosity barley with or without beta-glucanase, for 3 wk. A 3 x 2 factorial design was used.

Effects of cultivar, pelleting and enzyme addition on nutritive value of barley in poultry diets.

1. The effect of pelleting process and Trichoderma viride enzymes (TVE) addition on apparent metabolisable energy, corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and on productive value of practical diets containing 40 and 45% of three different barley cultivars and one wheat were studied in poultry. 2.

Bioavailability of fluorine in sepiolite for laying hens.

The purpose of the present work was to compare the bioavailability of structural fluorine contained in sepiolite and in sodium fluoride for laying hens. Three hundred 27-wk-old laying hens were fed one of three diets: 1) a control based on corn, barley, and soybean meal containing 21 mg/kg of fluorine; 2) a sepiolite diet in which 2% sepiolite replaced 2% barley in the control diet and which contained 217 mg/kg of fluorine; and 3) a NaF diet, consisting of the same control diet to which NaF was added to contain 217 mg/kg of fluorine (the same level of F- as the sepiolite diet). The experiment ended when hens were 64 wk old.