The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance.

Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

Deep Intraclonal Analysis for the Development of Vaccines against Drug-Resistant Lineages.

Despite its medical relevance, there is no commercial vaccine that protects the population at risk from multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. The availability of massive omic data and novel algorithms may improve antigen selection to develop effective prophylactic strategies. Up to 133 exposed proteins in the core proteomes, between 516 and 8666 genome samples, of the six most relevant MDR clonal groups (CGs) carried conserved B-cell epitopes, suggesting minimized future evasion if utilized for vaccination.

Dissemination of extensively drug-resistant NDM-producing in Europe linked to patients transferred from Ukraine, March 2022 to March 2023.

BackgroundThe war in Ukraine led to migration of Ukrainian people. Early 2022, several European national surveillance systems detected multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria related to Ukrainian patients.AimTo investigate the genomic epidemiology of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing from Ukrainian patients among European countries.

Community Emergence of Cefixime-Resistant Belonging to ST12 with Chromosomal AmpC Hyperproduction.

isolates that are resistant to cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, but apparently susceptible to cefuroxime, with no ESBL identified, were initially detected in Madrid from urine samples in 2019. Throughout 2020 and 2021, all cases of community UTI by from six health areas in Madrid were studied. A representative sample of 23 cases was selected for further studies.

Clinical, microbiological, and molecular characterization of pediatric invasive infections by in Spain in a context of global outbreak.

Unlabelled: In December 2022, an alert was published in the UK and other European countries reporting an unusual increase in the incidence of infections. Our aim was to describe the clinical, microbiological, and molecular characteristics of group A invasive infections (iGAS) in children prospectively recruited in Spain (September 2022-March 2023), and compare invasive strains with strains causing mild infections. One hundred thirty isolates of causing infection (102 iGAS and 28 mild infections) were included in the microbiological study: typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and sequencing for core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), resistome, and virulome analysis.

Genomic Surveillance Uncovers a 10-Year Persistence of an OXA-24/40 Clone in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Spain.

Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant are a global threat causing a high number of fatal infections. This microorganism can also easily acquire antibiotic resistance determinants, making the treatment of infections a big challenge, and has the ability to persist in the hospital environment under a wide range of conditions. The objective of this work was to study the molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of two outbreaks (2009 and 2020-21) at a tertiary hospital in Northern Spain.

Characterization of an outbreak caused by Elizabethkingia miricola using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has the potential to be used for bacterial typing and outbreak characterization. We evaluated FTIR for the characterization of an outbreak caused by Elizabethkingia miricola. During the 2020-2021 period, 26 isolates (23 clinical and 3 environmental) were collected and analyzed by FTIR (IR Biotyper) and core-genome MLST (cgMLST), in addition to antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Corrigendum: CARB-ES-19 multicenter study of carbapenemase-producing and from all Spanish provinces reveals interregional spread of high-risk clones such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.

Corrigendum: Phenotypic and molecular characterization of IMP-producing Enterobacterales in Spain: predominance of IMP-8 in and IMP-22 in .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.

Mutation Analysis in Regulator DNA-Binding Regions for Antimicrobial Efflux Pumps in 17,000 Genomes.

Mutations leading to upregulation of efflux pumps can produce multiple drug resistance in the pathogen . Changes in their DNA binding regions, i.e.

An increase in erythromycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible from blood correlates with the use of macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin antibiotics. EARS-Net Spain (2004-2020).

Objectives: To describe and analyse erythromycin resistance trends in blood isolates of (EARS-Net Spain, 2004-2020) and the association of these trends with the consumption of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLS) antibiotics. To assess molecular changes that could be involved in erythromycin resistance trends by whole genome analysis of representative isolates.

Materials And Methods: We collected antibiotic susceptibility data for all first-blood isolates in patients from 47 Spanish hospitals according to EARS-Net criteria.

Widespread Detection of Yersiniabactin Gene Cluster and Its Encoding Integrative Conjugative Elements (ICE) among Nonoutbreak OXA-48-Producing Clinical Isolates from Spain and the Netherlands.

In this study, we determined the presence of virulence factors in nonoutbreak, high-risk clones and other isolates belonging to less common sequence types associated with the spread of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from The Netherlands ( = 61) and Spain ( = 53). Most isolates shared a chromosomally encoded core of virulence factors, including the enterobactin gene cluster, fimbrial and gene clusters, and urea metabolism genes (). We observed a high diversity of K-Locus and K/O loci combinations, KL17 and KL24 (both 16%), and the O1/O2v1 locus (51%) being the most prevalent in our study.

Rapid cross-border emergence of NDM-5-producing in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2012 to June 2022.

Whole genome sequencing data of 874 isolates carrying from 13 European Union/European Economic Area countries between 2012 and June 2022 showed the predominance of sequence types ST167, ST405, ST410, ST361 and ST648, and an increasing frequency of detection. Nearly a third (30.6%) of these isolates were associated with infections and more than half (58.

Prevalence of Gene in Fosfomycin-Resistant in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) and Characterization of Two Positive Strains.

Plasmid-mediated resistance to fosfomycin has been seldom described in . We report two strains harboring gene. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a plasmid that encoded gene flanked by two insertion sequence (IS) mobile elements.

Carbapenemase-Producing in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: Identification of IncL-VIM-1 Plasmid in Previously Non-Predominant Sequence Types.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, intensive care units (ICUs) operated at or above capacity, and the number of ICU patients coinfected by nosocomial microorganisms increased. Here, we characterize the population structure and resistance mechanisms of carbapenemase-producing (CP-Kpn) from COVID-19 ICU patients and compare them to pre-pandemic populations of CP-Kpn. We analyzed 84 CP-Kpn isolates obtained during the pandemic and 74 CP-Kpn isolates obtained during the pre-pandemic period (2019) by whole genome sequencing, core genome multilocus sequence typing, plasmid reconstruction, and antibiotic susceptibility tests.

Molecular epidemiology of Kaposi sarcoma virus in Spain.

Background: Since human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection may be underestimated and HHV-8 subtype circulation in Spain remains unknown, a molecular epidemiologic study is highly desirable.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse HHV-8 subtype diversity and their distribution in Spain.

Study Design: The study included 142 HHV-8 infected patients.

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of IMP-producing Enterobacterales in Spain: Predominance of IMP-8 in and IMP-22 in .

Objectives: Little is known about IMP-producing Enterobacterales (IMP-Ent) in Europe. We analyzed at genomic and phenotypic level IMP-Ent isolates circulating in Spain in a 9-year period.

Materials And Methods: IMP-Ent isolates submitted to our reference laboratory were included.

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing e and From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.

Objectives: CARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing (CP-Kpn) and (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.

Methods: In total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF).