Evaluation of a Proteomics-Guided Protein Signature for Breast Cancer Detection in Breast Tissue.

The distinction between noncancerous and cancerous breast tissues is challenging in clinical settings, and discovering new proteomics-based biomarkers remains underexplored. Through a pilot proteomic study (discovery cohort), we aimed to identify a protein signature indicative of breast cancer for subsequent validation using six published proteomics/transcriptomics data sets (validation cohorts). Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical (SWATH)-based mass spectrometry revealed 370 differentially abundant proteins between noncancerous tissue and breast cancer.

Observed-to-expected lung-area-to-head-circumference ratio on ultrasound examination vs total fetal lung volume on magnetic resonance imaging in prediction of survival in fetuses with left-sided diaphragmatic hernia.

Objective: To assess and compare the value of antenatally determined observed-to-expected (O/E) lung-area-to-head-circumference ratio (LHR) on ultrasound examination vs O/E total fetal lung volume (TFLV) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination to predict postnatal survival of fetuses with isolated, expectantly managed left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study including all consecutive fetuses with isolated CDH that were managed expectantly in Mannheim, Germany, and in five other European centers, that underwent at least one ultrasound examination for measurement of O/E-LHR and one MRI scan for measurement of O/E-TFLV during pregnancy. All MRI data were centralized, and lung volumes were measured by two experienced operators blinded to the pre- and postnatal data.

Pleural Effusion and Chylothorax in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia-Risk Factors, Management and Outcome.

Pleural effusion and chylothorax are common complications in the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We set out to identify risk factors for chylothorax development in patients with CDH and to investigate the association of pleural effusion and chylothorax with neonatal morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 396 neonates with CDH treated at our institution between January 2013 and June 2019.

Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion vs expectant management for fetuses with severe left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Background: The treatment of fetuses with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia is challenging, but there is evidence that fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion has a benefit over expectant care. In addition, standardization and expertism have a great impact on survival and are probably crucial in centers that rely on expectant management with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after birth.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the survival and morbidity rates of fetuses with a severe isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia who underwent fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion vs expectant management in high-volume centers.

aCGH Analysis Reveals Novel Mutations Associated with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Plus (CDH+).

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a major birth anomaly that often occurs with additional non-hernia-related malformations, and is then referred to as CDH+. While the impact of genetic alterations does not play a major role in isolated CDH, patients with CDH+ display mutations that are usually determined via array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). We analyzed 43 patients with CDH+ between 2012 and 2021 to identify novel specific mutations via aCGH associated with CDH+ and its outcome.

A Higher Manometric Esophageal Length to Height Ratio in Achalasia Explains the Lower Prevalence of Hiatal Hernia.

Background/aims: The evidence suggests that a shorter esophageal length (EL) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients is associated with the presence of hiatal hernia (HH). However, there are no reports of this association in patients with achalasia. The aim is to (1) determine the prevalence of hiatal hernia in achalasia patients, (2) compare achalasia EL with GERD patients and healthy volunteers (HV), (3) measure achalasia manometric esophageal length to height (MELH) ratio, and (4) determine if there are differences in symptoms between patients with and without hiatal hernia.

Predictive factors associated with the persistence of chest pain in post-laparoscopic myotomy and fundoplication in patients with achalasia.

Background: Episodic angina-like retrosternal pain is a prevalent symptom for achalasia patients pre- and post-treatment. The cause of postoperative chest pain remains poorly understood. Moreover, there are no reports on their predictive value for chest pain in the long-term post-treatment.

Pharmacogenetics of taxane-induced neurotoxicity in breast cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Taxane-based chemotherapy regimens are used as first-line treatment for breast cancer. Neurotoxicity, mainly taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN), remains the most important dose-limiting adverse event. Multiple genes may be associated with TIPN; however, the strength and direction of the association remain unclear.

Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Children with Viral Infections: Report of Three Cases Related to Rhinovirus or Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

Background: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SP) is generally a benign condition which can have various etiologies. Data on SP related to respiratory viral infections in children are rare and there are currently no official guidelines or consistent treatment recommendations for these patients.

Aim: To discuss treatment options considering the recommendations for SP with different etiologies.

Impact of Time Point of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on Mortality and Morbidity in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Single-Center Case Series.

Since there are no data available on the influence of the time point of ECMO initiation on morbidity and mortality in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), we investigated whether early initiation of ECMO after birth is associated with a beneficial outcome in severe forms of CDH. All neonates with CDH admitted to our institution between 2010 until 2020 and undergoing ECMO treatment were included in this study and divided into four different groups: (1) ECMO initiation < 12 h after birth (n = 143), (2) ECMO initiation between 12−24 h after birth (n = 31), (3) ECMO initiation between 24−120 h after birth (n = 48) and (4) ECMO initiation > 120 h after birth (n = 14). The mortality rate in the first (34%) and fourth group (43%) was high and in the second group (23%) and third group (12%) rather low.

Chronic Lung Disease Following Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Single-Center Experience.

Objective: To assess the incidence and severity of chronic lung disease (CLD) after neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to identify factors associated with its development.

Methods: A retrospective observational study in a neonatal ECMO center was conducted. All neonates who received support with ECMO in our institution between January 2019 and October 2021 were included and their pulmonary outcome was investigated.

The Chest Radiographic Thoracic Area Can Serve as a Prediction Marker for Morbidity and Mortality in Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Valid postnatal prediction parameters for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are lacking, but recently, the chest radiographic thoracic area (CRTA) was proposed to predict survival with high sensitivity. Here, we evaluated whether the CRTA correlated with morbidity and mortality in neonates with CDH and was able to predict these with higher sensitivity and specificity than prenatal observed-to-expected (O/E) lung-to-head ratio (LHR). In this retrospective cohort study, all neonates with CDH admitted to our institution between 2013 and 2019 were included.

Cerebral Oxygenation and Activity During Surgical Repair of Neonates With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Center Comparison Analysis.

Neonatal brain monitoring is increasingly used due to reports of brain injury perioperatively. Little is known about the effect of sedatives (midazolam) and anesthetics (sevoflurane) on cerebral oxygenation (rScO) and cerebral activity. This study aims to determine these effects in the perioperative period.

Neurocardiovascular coupling in congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients undergoing different types of surgical treatment.

Background: The effect of peri-operative management on the neonatal brain is largely unknown. Triggers for perioperative brain injury might be revealed by studying changes in neonatal physiology peri-operatively.

Objective: To study neonatal pathophysiology and cerebral blood flow regulation peri-operatively using the neuro-cardiovascular graph.

Assessing Anticoagulation in Neonates With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Does Anti-Factor Xa or Thromboelastometry Provide Additional Benefit?

The optimal management of anticoagulation in neonatal/pediatric patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has not been established yet and varies greatly among ECMO centers worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether the use of anti-factor Xa assay and/or thromboelastometry correlate better than activated clotting time with heparin dose in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia during ECMO. We also examined whether these coagulation assays correlate with thrombotic and/or hemorrhagic complications, when the management of anticoagulation is based only on activated clotting time values.

Severe Pneumonia in Neonates Associated with : Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The causative agent of legionellosis is the Gram-negative intracellular bacteria spp. Its clinical presentation varies from a mild febrile illness called Pontiac fever to the severe and possible fatal pneumonia, Legionnaires' disease. Immunocompromised patients, in particular, are affected.

Walking test procedures influence speed measurements in individuals with chronic stroke.

Background: Walking speed measurements are clinically important, but varying test procedures may influence measurements and impair clinical utility. This study assessed the concurrent validity of walking speed in individuals with chronic stroke measured during the 10-m walk test with variations in 1) the presence of an electronic mat, 2) the speed measurement device, and 3) the measurement distance relative to the total test distance.

Methods: Twenty-five individuals with chronic stroke performed walking tests at comfortable and maximal walking speeds under three conditions: 1) 10-m walk test (without electronic mat) measured by stopwatch, 2) 10-m walk test (partially over an electronic mat) measured by software, and 3) 10-m walk test (partially over an electronic mat) measured by stopwatch.

Spherophakia and Ectopia Lentis in a Sturge-Weber Patient: A Case Report.

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare, sporadic neurocutaneous disorder, primarily characterized by port-wine stain (PWS) over the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V1) territory (hallmark feature) and glaucoma (in 30-60% of cases). Other ocular manifestations include episcleral involvement of the PWS, choroidal vascular malformations, and iris heterochromia. Two previous reports also associated ectopia lentis concomitantly among these cases.

Long-Term Effectiveness of Polymerized-Type I Collagen Intra-Articular Injections in Patients with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation in a Cohort Study.

Objective: Polymerized-type I collagen (polymerized-collagen) is a downregulator of inflammation and a tissue regenerator. The aim was to evaluate the effect of intra-articular injections (IAIs) of polymerized-collagen among patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in delaying or preventing joint replacement surgery. .

Long-term risk of adult overweight and obesity among achalasia patients who underwent Heller Myotomy.

Background: It is unknown whether surgically treated achalasia cases regain or surpass their usual weight into obesity or overweight in the long-term post-operative period. Here, we aimed to assess the incidence of overweight/obesity (Ob/Ow) and the risk for reoccurrence up to 48 months post-laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM).

Methods: We performed a cohort of 114 achalasia cases undergoing LHM.

Effect of Recipient Hepatitis C Status on Outcomes of Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been deemed detrimental to kidney transplantation (KT) outcomes. Breakthrough HCV treatment with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications improved the probability of HCV+ kidney use for KT even in noninfected (HCV-) recipients. We hypothesized that recipient HCV infection influences deceased donor KT outcomes, and this effect could be modified by donor HCV status and use of DAAs.

Microspherophakia in a 47, XYY Syndrome Patient: A Case Report.

47, XYY syndrome affects males with variable phenotypic expression. Around 80-99% of affected individuals present low-set ears, malar flattening, motor delay, and tall stature. Yet, some cases lack signs or symptoms or are barely noticeable.