Effect of the anode material, applied current and reactor configuration on the atenolol toxicity during an electrooxidation process.

Atenolol (ATL) is a beta-blocker pharmaceutical product which is excreted mainly unchanged and may represent a long-term risk for organisms present in the sea and in fresh water. Due to its low biodegradation rate, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) can be used to remove this compound. In this work, ATL ecotoxicity was analyzed in the presence of sodium sulfate (NaSO), which is widely used as supporting electrolyte in EAOPs.

Novel Sb-doped SnO ceramic anode coated with a photoactive BiPO layer for the photoelectrochemical degradation of an emerging pollutant.

In the present work, a study about the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical degradation of an emerging pollutant using an Sb-doped SnO anode coated with a photocatalytic layer of BiPO has been performed. The electrochemical characterization of the material was carried out by means of linear sweep voltammetry, light-pulsed chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These studies confirmed that the material is photoactive at intermediate potential values (around 2.

Interplay between Forced Convection and Electroconvection during the Overlimiting Ion Transport through Anion-Exchange Membranes: A Fourier Transform Analysis of Membrane Voltage Drops.

Electrodialysis (ED) applications have expanded in recent years and new modes of operation are being investigated. Operation at overlimiting currents involves the phenomenon of electroconvection, which is associated with the generation of vortices. These vortices accelerate the process of solution mixing, making it possible to increase the transport of ions across the membranes.

Donnan Dialysis for Recovering Ammonium from Fermentation Solutions Rich in Volatile Fatty Acids.

For the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) using nitrogen-rich feedstocks (e.g., protein-rich resources), the typical strategy of restricting cell growth as a means to enhance overall PHA productivity by nitrogen limitation is not applicable.

Norfloxacin mineralization under light exposure using Sb-SnO ceramic anodes coated with BiFeO photocatalyst.

Advanced Oxidation Processes have been proven to be an efficient way to remove organic pollutants from wastewaters. In this work, a ceramic electrode of Sb-SnO (BCE) with a layer of the photocatalytic material BiFeO (BFO-BCE), has been characterized electrochemically and further tested for norfloxacin photo-electrooxidation in the presence and absence of light. The electrode photoactivity was highly enhanced thanks to the presence of BiFeO, as confirmed by Linear Sweep Voltammetry, chronoamperometry and potentiometry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.

Study of the chlorfenvinphos pesticide removal under different anodic materials and different reactor configuration.

The present manuscript focuses on the study of the electrochemical oxidation of the insecticide Chlorfenvinphos (CVP). The assays were carried out under galvanostatic conditions using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and low-cost tin dioxide doped with antimony (Sb-doped SnO) as anodes. The influence of the operating variables, such as applied current density, presence or absence of a cation-exchange membrane and concentration of supporting electrolyte, was discussed.

Investigation of ion-exchange membranes by means of chronopotentiometry: A comprehensive review on this highly informative and multipurpose technique.

Electrodialysis is mostly used for drinking water production but it has gained applicability in different new fields in recent decades. Membrane characteristics and ion transport properties strongly influence the efficiency of electrodialysis and must be evaluated to avoid an intense energy consumption and ensure long membrane times of usage. To this aim, conducting studies on ion transport across membranes is essential.

Trade-Off between Operating Time and Energy Consumption in Pulsed Electric Field Electrodialysis: A Comprehensive Simulation Study.

Electrodialysis (ED) has been recently introduced in a variety of processes where the recovery of valuable resources is needed; thus, enabling sustainable production routes for a circular economy. However, new applications of ED require optimized operating modes ensuring low energy consumptions. The application of pulsed electric field (PEF) electrodialysis has been demonstrated to be an effective option to modulate concentration polarization and reduce energy consumption in ED systems, but the savings in energy are usually attained by extending the operating time.

Comparison between an electrochemical reactor with and without membrane for the nor oxidation using novel ceramic electrodes.

The electrochemical oxidation of the antibiotic Norfloxacin (NOR) in chloride media on different anodic materials was studied at two different electrochemical reactors. The results were compared with those obtained in sulphate media. The anodes under study were a commercial boron-doped diamond (BBD) and two different ceramic electrodes based on tin oxide doped with antimony oxide in the presence (CuO) and absence (BCE) of copper oxide as sintering aid.

Treatment of Cyanide-Free Wastewater from Brass Electrodeposition with EDTA by Electrodialysis: Evaluation of Underlimiting and Overlimiting Operations.

Growing environmental concerns have led to the development of cleaner processes, such as the substitution of cyanide in electroplating industries and changes in the treatment of wastewaters. Hence, we evaluated the treatment of cyanide‑free wastewater from the brass electroplating industry with EDTA as a complexing agent by electrodialysis, aimed at recovering water and concentrated solutions for reuse. The electrodialysis tests were performed in underlimiting and overlimiting conditions.

Electrochemical Degradation of Reactive Black 5 using two-different reactor configuration.

Novel Sb-doped SnO ceramic electrodes sintered at different temperatures, are applied to the degradation of Reactive Black 5 in both divided and undivided electrochemical reactors. In the undivided reactor the discoloration of the solution took place via the oxidation of RB5 dye, without the corresponding reduction in the chemical oxygen demand for the ceramic electrodes. However, in the divided one, it was possible to achieve the discoloration of the solution while at the same time decreasing the chemical oxygen demand through the ·OH-mediated oxidation, although the chemical oxygen demand degradation took place at a slower rate.

Effect of the CuO addition on a Sb-doped SnO ceramic electrode applied to the removal of Norfloxacin in chloride media by electro-oxidation.

Norfloxacin is employed as in veterinary and human medicine against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Due to the ineffective treatment at the wastewater treatment plants it becomes an emergent pollutant. Electro-oxidation appears as an alternative to its effective mineralization.

Analysis of norfloxacin ecotoxicity and the relation with its degradation by means of electrochemical oxidation using different anodes.

In this work, ecotoxicological bioassays based on Lactuca sativa seeds and bioluminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri) have been carried out in order to quantify the toxicity of Norfloxacin (NOR) and sodium sulfate solutions, before and after treating them using electrochemical advanced oxidation. The effect of some process variables (anode material, reactor configuration and applied current) on the toxicity evolution of the treated solution has been studied. A NOR solution shows an EC(5 days) of 336 mg Ltowards Lactuca sativa.

Study of the atenolol degradation using a Nb/BDD electrode in a filter-press reactor.

The present paper deals with the atenolol (ATL) degradation by advanced anodic oxidation using a boron-doped diamond anode supported on niobium (Nb/BDD). Cyclic voltammetry performed on this electrode revealed that it presents a high quality (diamond-sp/sp-carbon ratio), high potential for OER and that ATL can be oxidized directly and/or indirectly by the electrogenerated oxidants, such as hydroxyl radicals, persulfate ions and sulfate radicals. Electrolysis experiments demonstrated that ATL degradation and mineralization follow a mixed (first and zero) order kinetics depending on the applied current density.

The role of the anode material and water matrix in the electrochemical oxidation of norfloxacin.

The roles of the anode material, boron-doped diamond (BDD), with different boron (B) and substrate Silicon (Si) or Niobium (Nb) content, and one dimensionally stable anode (DSA), were evaluated in the oxidation of norfloxacin (NOR) by electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP). The effect of other components in real wastewater on the performance of EAOP was also studied. The anode materials were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, regarding diamond quality, electro-generation of oxidants and NOR oxidation mechanism (direct and/or indirect).

Antibiotics mineralization by electrochemical and UV-based hybrid processes: evaluation of the synergistic effect.

Antibiotics are not efficiently removed in conventional wastewater treatments. In fact, different advanced oxidation process (AOPs), including ozone, peroxide, UV radiation, among others, are being investigated in the elimination of microcontaminants. Most of AOPs proved to be efficient on the degradation of antibiotics, but the mineralization is on the one hand not evaluated or on the other hand not high.

Determination of the potential gold electrowinning from an ammoniacal thiosulphate solution applied to recycling of printed circuit board scraps.

The use of electrochemical techniques in the selective recovery of gold from a solution containing thiosulphate, ammonia, and copper, obtained from the leaching of printed circuit boards from mobile phones using ammoniacal thiosulphate, are shown in this work. First, cyclic voltammetry tests were performed to determine the potential of electrodeposition of gold and copper, and then, electrowinning tests at different potentials for checking the rates of recovery of these metals were performed. The results of the cyclic voltammetry show that copper deposition occurs at potentials more negative than -600 mV (Ag/AgCl), whereas the gold deposition can be performed at potentials more positives than -600 mV (Ag/AgCl).

Evaluation of the Zn2+ transport properties through a cation-exchange membrane by chronopotentiometry.

In this work the effect of zinc concentration, pH, and boric acid concentration on the zinc transport properties through an IONICS 67-HMR-412 cation-exchange membrane was evaluated. The limiting current density and the transport numbers were determined by means of chronopotentiometry. A model between the limiting current density and the bulk zinc concentration was established, assuming a potential relationship between the zinc transport number through the membrane and the bulk zinc concentration together with the Levich equation for the DBL thickness.

Effect of pH and chloride concentration on the removal of hexavalent chromium in a batch electrocoagulation reactor.

In this work, the effect of pH and chloride ions concentration on the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater by batch electrocoagulation using iron plate electrodes has been investigated. The initial solution pH was adjusted with different concentrations of H(2)SO(4). The presence of chloride ions enhances the anode dissolution due to pitting corrosion.