Nephrology intervention to avoid acute kidney injury in patients awaiting cardiac surgery: randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a well-known complication that increases morbidity and mortality rates. The objective of this study was to reduce CSA-AKI through nephrologist intervention in patients awaiting cardiac surgery.

Methods: We performed a single center, open-label, randomized clinical trial including 380 patients who underwent scheduled cardiac surgery at the Hospital de Bellvitge between July 2015 and October 2019.

Direct retino-iridal projections and intrinsic iris contraction mediate the pupillary light reflex in early vertebrates.

The pupillary light reflex (PLR) adapts the amount of light reaching the retina, protecting it and improving image formation. Two PLR mechanisms have been described in vertebrates. First, the pretectum receives retinal inputs and projects to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWN), which targets the ciliary ganglion through the oculomotor nerve (nIII).

A qualitative metasummary of detransition experiences with recommendations for psychological support.

Objective: The main goal of this article is to identify areas of psychotherapeutic work with detransitioners, that is, individuals who stop or reverse a gender transition, given the scarcity of information and resources.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and metasummary of qualitative data published until April 2023. Data were extracted, grouped, and refined to conform meta-findings.

Unravelling the functional development of vertebrate pathways controlling gaze.

Animals constantly redirect their gaze away or towards relevant targets and, besides these goal-oriented responses, stabilizing movements clamp the visual scene avoiding image blurring. The vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and the optokinetic reflexes are the main contributors to gaze stabilization, whereas the optic tectum integrates multisensory information and generates orienting/evasive gaze movements in all vertebrates. Lampreys show a unique stepwise development of the visual system whose understanding provides important insights into the evolution and development of vertebrate vision.

The Role of Ribosomal Proteins eL15 and eL36 in the Early Steps of Yeast 60S Ribosomal Subunit Assembly.

Ribosomal proteins have important roles in maintaining the structure and function of mature ribosomes, but they also drive crucial rearrangement reactions during ribosome biogenesis. The contribution of most, but not all, ribosomal proteins to ribosome synthesis has been previously analyzed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Herein, we characterize the role of yeast eL15 during 60S ribosomal subunit formation.

Association between early sexual initiation and sexually transmitted infections among Peruvian reproductive-age women.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a serious public health problem worldwide, especially among reproductive-age women. The early sexual onset of sexual intercourse (EOSI) has been suggested as a risk factor, although there is no data at the national level.

Objective: To evaluate the association between EOSI and STIs in Peruvian women of childbearing age.

Gender detransition: A critical review of the literature.

Gender detransition is the act of stopping or reversing the social, medical, and/or administrative changes achieved during a gender transition process. It is an emerging phenomenon of significant clinical and social interest.

Assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice measures against tuberculosis in patients in ambulatory department facilities in Pakistan: a cross-sectional analysis.

Tuberculosis (TB), at present, is the leading infectious etiology of death globally. In Pakistan, there are approximately 510,000 new cases annually, with more than 15,000 of them developing into drug-resistant TB, making the nation the fifth-leading country in TB prevalence in the world. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the focus has drifted away from TB screening, diagnostic and health awareness campaigns, and therapeutic measures endangering knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards TB in our population.

Empirically supported affirmative psychological interventions for transgender and non-binary youth and adults: A systematic review.

Research suggests that transgender and non-binary (TGNB) individuals experience lower levels of psychological well-being than the general population. Although practice recommendations and guidelines exist, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the effects of psychological interventions on this group. This systematic review aimed to synthesize and analyze existing empirical affirmative psychological interventions for TGNB individuals to assess their efficacy.

Fibromyalgia and nonfibromyalgia chronic pain: Differences in psychological characteristics and treatment outcomes.

The aim of this study was to explore differential psychological profiles among patients with chronic pain with and without fibromyalgia, and to determine the results of the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain. Thirty patients with chronic pain and 60 patients with fibromyalgia were referred to 10 weekly sessions of CBT in a general hospital and were evaluated in pain-related variables, psychopathological symptoms, coping strategies, resilience, and quality of life. The program was implemented in specific groups for patients with fibromyalgia and nonfibromyalgia chronic pain.

Modeling of the Influence of Operational Parameters on Tire Lateral Dynamics.

Tires play a critical role in vehicle safety. Proper modeling of tire-road interaction is essential for optimal performance of active safety systems. This work studies the influence of temperature, longitudinal vehicle speed, steering frequency, vertical load, and inflation pressure on lateral tire dynamics.

Conserved subcortical processing in visuo-vestibular gaze control.

Gaze stabilization compensates for movements of the head or external environment to minimize image blurring. Multisensory information stabilizes the scene on the retina via the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) reflexes. While the organization of neuronal circuits underlying VOR is well-described across vertebrates, less is known about the contribution and evolution of the OKR and the basic structures allowing visuo-vestibular integration.

Use of Dupilumab in Glucocorticoid-Dependent Asthma.

Of the patients with asthma, 20% to 25% progress to severe symptoms, resulting in poor quality of life and increased episodes of exacerbation. There is a broad range of drugs used for asthma; the most used medications for severe asthma are inhaled glucocorticoids with or without long-acting β-agonists. Systemic glucocorticoids and other treatments as add-on therapies are also given as needed.

Non-radioactive In Vivo Labeling of RNA with 4-Thiouracil.

RNA molecules and their expression dynamics play essential roles in the establishment of complex cellular phenotypes and/or in the rapid cellular adaption to environmental changes. Accordingly, analyzing RNA expression remains an important step to understand the molecular basis controlling the formation of cellular phenotypes, cellular homeostasis or disease progression. Steady-state RNA levels in the cells are controlled by the sum of highly dynamic molecular processes contributing to RNA expression and can be classified in transcription, maturation and degradation.

A High-Copy Suppressor Screen Reveals a Broad Role of Prefoldin-like Bud27 in the TOR Signaling Pathway in .

Bud27 is a prefoldin-like, a member of the family of ATP-independent molecular chaperones that associates with RNA polymerases I, II, and III in . Bud27 and its human ortholog URI perform several functions in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Both proteins participate in the TOR signaling cascade by coordinating nutrient availability with gene expression, and lack of Bud27 partially mimics TOR pathway inactivation.

Treatment with therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A case report and review of the literature.

The role of various therapeutic approaches on the clinical improvement in patients with severe COVID-19 is being researched. Few published studies show positive outcomes after the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). However, additional clinical evidence is required to understand better the role of therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID-19 patients.

Structural Probing with MNase Tethered to Ribosome Assembly Factors Resolves Flexible RNA Regions within the Nascent Pre-Ribosomal RNA.

The synthesis of ribosomes involves the correct folding of the pre-ribosomal RNA within pre-ribosomal particles. The first ribosomal precursor or small subunit processome assembles stepwise on the nascent transcript of the 35S gene. At the earlier stages, the pre-ribosomal particles undergo structural and compositional changes, resulting in heterogeneous populations of particles with highly flexible regions.

Association of Intestinal Microbial Dysbiosis With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Normal gut flora plays various beneficial roles for the human body, including the protection against inflammatory states and mucosal viral infections. It also influences the immune system of the body. The metabolites produced by the gut bacteria control local and other systemic organs' immune functions like the lungs and brain, playing a role in their response to acute and chronic illnesses.

The Dopaminergic Control of Movement-Evolutionary Considerations.

Dopamine is likely the most studied modulatory neurotransmitter, in great part due to characteristic motor deficits in Parkinson's disease that arise after the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SNc). The SNc, together with the ventral tegmental area (VTA), play a key role modulating motor responses through the basal ganglia. In contrast to the large amount of existing literature addressing the mammalian dopaminergic system, comparatively little is known in other vertebrate groups.

Non-Coding, RNAPII-Dependent Transcription at the Promoters of rRNA Genes Regulates Their Chromatin State in .

Pervasive transcription is widespread in eukaryotes, generating large families of non-coding RNAs. Such pervasive transcription is a key player in the regulatory pathways controlling chromatin state and gene expression. Here, we describe long non-coding RNAs generated from the ribosomal RNA gene promoter called UPStream-initiating transcripts (UPS).

The Lamprey Forebrain - Evolutionary Implications.

The forebrain plays a critical role in a broad range of neural processes encompassing sensory integration and initiation/selection of behaviour. The forebrain functions through an interaction between different cortical areas, the thalamus, the basal ganglia with the dopamine system, and the habenulae. The ambition here is to compare the mammalian forebrain with that of the lamprey representing the oldest now living group of vertebrates, by a review of earlier studies.

A Novel Method for Determining Angular Speed and Acceleration Using Sin-Cos Encoders.

The performance of vehicle safety systems depends very much on the accuracy of the signals coming from vehicle sensors. Among them, the wheel speed is of vital importance. This paper describes a new method to obtain the wheel speed by using Sin-Cos encoders.