3D printed model for flexible ureteroscopy training, a low-cost option for surgical training.

Introduction: Training in experimental models is a valid option that improves the outcomes and shortens surgical learning curves. Our objective was to develop a 3D printed plastic model for teaching, training and education in flexible ureteroscopy, analyzing costs and suitability for the practice of this surgical technique.

Methods: A 3D printed model was developed based on a CT scan from a real-life patient's upper urinary tract.

[Holmium laser prostate enucleation. All we should aim for.].

Objective: Prostate enucleation is becoming more relevant within BPH treatment. Nowadays is probably the gold standard for enucleation. Several studies have shown holmium laser as the most frequently used safe and efficient energy source.

Evaluation of teleconsultation system in the urological patient during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to rapid implementation of telemedicine, but there is little information on patient satisfaction of this system as an alternative to face-to-face care.

Objective: To evaluate urological patient satisfaction with teleconsultation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material And Methods: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional, non-interventional study carried out by telephone survey during the period considered as the peak of the pandemic (March-April 2020).

Prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy: its advantages and our technique for puncture.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is considered the treatment of choice for large urinary calculi and staghorn lithiasis. The approach for this surgery may be either supine or prone, and different access techniques are described in the literature with the use of ultrasound, fluoroscopy, or both combined. We believe that prone PCNL offers to the urologist key advantages, such as the possibility of puncturing anatomically abnormal urinary tracts, to perform multiple percutaneous tracts in the same kidney, experiencing the vacuum cleaner effect, ease of exploring the upper calyx through the inferior calyx, possibility to perform endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) and bilateral simultaneous surgery, and to performed over local anesthesia.

[RIGHT VARICOCELE AS FINDING OF RIGHT RENAL MASS].

Abdominal and scrotal ultrasounds were requested and, in order of the findings watched they were complemented with an abdominal contrast enhanced CT scan (CECT). The CETC demonstrated a large right renal tumor sized 12 cm located in the upper pole of the right kidney, in contact with hepatic parenchyma (Figure 1). Renal vein and artery were not affected.

[Page kidney: subcapsular haematoma and arterial hypertension. A new case report and review of the literature].

Objective: We present the case of a spontaneous subcapsular renal hematoma with increase of the levels of blood pressure in a patient previously normotensive.

Methods: Patient with abdominal pain, spontaneous without previous trauma. CT showed a right subcapsular kidney hematoma.

Laparoscopic management of right renal angiomyolipoma with involvement of the inferior vena cava: case report and review of the literature.

This article reports the case of a 22-year-old woman with right renal angiomyolipoma (AML) and inferior vena cava thrombus. Laparoscopic right nephrectomy and thrombectomy were performed. To the authors' knowledge there have been only 46 reported cases of renal AML with endovascular extension and this is the first case to be completely removed by a laparoscopic approach.

Right renal infarction: a new case report.

Objective: To present a new case of renal infarction.

Methods: We report the case of an 84-year-old woman presenting with right flank colic pain of 24 hours of evolution and past history of acute myocardial infarction four months before.

Conclusion: Renal infarction is a rare condition; in most of the cases it does not show specific symptoms and usually overlap with other more common urologic procedures, which results in a delay in diagnosis and treatment.

Secondary bladder amyloidosis: a new case report.

Objective: To report a new case of secondary bladder amyloidosis, beinginvolvement of the urinary bladder by amyloidosis infrequent on the basis of very few references in the literature (we estimate the number of cases of secondary vesical amyloidosis reported to be around 30).

Methods/results: The case presented here corresponds to secondary bladder amyloidosis in a patient suffering from Still's disease, who began with hematuria and ended dying.

Conclusion: Secondary bladder amyloidosis constitutes a very infrequent pathology, and we can distinguish between primary forms of bladder amyloidosis and systemic forms of amyloidosis that affect the urinary bladder (secondary bladder amyloidosis).

Giant retroperitoneal sarcoma: case report.

Objective: To report a new case of giant retroperitoneal mass with silent beginning.

Methods: We present the case of a 36 year old man with a giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma 35 × 15 cm in size. The only symptom was a one month history of minimal abdominal pain.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in prostate cancer. Preliminary experience.

Objectives: To study the validity of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 as a complementary marker to PSA for the diagnosis and prognosis of Prostate Cancer.

Methods: Prospective study structured as a hospital-based cohort of 100 consecutive patients undergoing prostate biopsy. Serum determination of MMP-9 was carried out by means of inmunoassay.