Substance P and Neurokinin-1 receptor are overexpressed in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma than in the pituitary gland.

Background: Human adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a brain tumor that originates at the base of the skull and shows aggressive local behavior, invading sensitive structures such as the optic pathways and hypothalamus. The conventional treatment of the tumor has been surgery and radiotherapy with the consequent development of serious sequelae. It is well known that Substance P (SP) peptide and Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) are involved in inflammation and cancer progression and its blockage with NK-1R antagonists has been shown to effectively counteract tumor development in preclinical trials.

Does the modified shuttle test exhibit a ceiling effect in healthy and cystic fibrosis children and adolescents?

Introduction: The modified shuttle test-15 (MST-15) is a valid alternative for assessing exercise capacity when a cardiopulmonary exercise testing is not feasible. This study aims to describe the percentage of healthy and cystic fibrosis (CF) children and adolescents reaching the MST-15 ceiling. Additionally, it examines associations between MST-15 distance and demographic, anthropometric, and lung function data.

Barriers and facilitators for preventing mother-to-child transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and hepatitis B in the Gran Chaco region: a qualitative analysis using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR).

Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of Trypanosoma cruzi and hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases morbidity and disability in Latin America and the Caribbean. The tailormade comprehensive antenatal care based on the Framework for the elimination of MTCT of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Chagas disease (EMTCT Plus) has been implemented in the region since 2018 through a private-public partnership. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention in preparing MTCT of T.

Population trends of insect pollinators in a species-rich tropical rainforest: stable trends but contrasting patterns across taxa.

Recent reports of insect decline have raised concerns regarding population responses of ecologically important groups, such as insect pollinators. Additionally, how population trends vary across pollinator taxonomic groups and degree of specialization is unclear. Here, we analyse 14 years of abundance data (2009-2022) for 38 species of native insect pollinators, including a range of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera specialists and generalists from the tropical rainforest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama.

Identification of an Outbreak of Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia in Soft-Shell Clams () in the Puget Sound Using Hemolymph and eDNA Surveys.

Bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN) is one of three known types of naturally transmissible cancer-cancers in which the whole cancer cells move from individual to individual, spreading through natural populations. BTN is a lethal leukemia-like cancer that has been observed throughout soft-shell clam () populations on the east coast of North America, with two distinct sublineages circulating at low enzootic levels in New England, USA, and Prince Edward Island, Canada. Major cancer outbreaks likely due to BTN (MarBTN) were reported in 1980s and the 2000s and the disease has been observed since the 1970s, but it has not been observed in populations of this clam species on the US west coast.

[The new generations of CAR-T cells].

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T is one of the most promising modern cancer immunotherapies. In the recent years, impressive results have been obtained in the treatment of cancer which led to FDA approval for the treatment of liquid tumors. In this cell-based therapy, immune cells (e.

AI-based coral species discrimination: A case study of the Siderastrea Atlantic Complex.

Species delimitation in hard corals remains controversial even after 250+ years of taxonomy. Confusing taxonomy in Scleractinia is not the result of sloppy work: clear boundaries are hard to draw because most diagnostic characters are quantitative and subjected to considerable morphological plasticity. In this study, we argue that taxonomists may actually be able to visually discriminate among morphospecies, but fail to translate their visual perception into accurate species descriptions.

Performance of urine Xpert MTB/RIF ultra in a tuberculosis screening strategy in hospitalized patients with advanced HIV disease: Results from an implementation initiative in Brazil.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing in urine samples as part of a TB screening strategy in patients with advanced HIV disease (AHD).

Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study across three HIV reference hospitals in Brazil, between January and December 2023. The study included adult hospitalized patients with AHD, defined by a CD4 count of <200 cells/μL in the last 3 months or clinical presentation suggestive of opportunistic infection, without effective antiretroviral treatment.

Myosin 1b regulates intestinal epithelial morphogenesis via interaction with UNC45A.

Vesicle trafficking and the establishment of apicobasal polarity are essential processes in epithelial morphogenesis. UNC45A deficiency has been reported in a multi-organ syndrome presenting with severe diarrhea associated with enterocyte polarity defects. Myosin 1b, an actin motor able to bind membranes, regulates membrane shaping and vesicle trafficking.

Experiences and perspectives on rapid-test diagnosis of tuberculosis, histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis in people with advanced HIV/AIDS disease in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

The rapid diagnosis of opportunistic infections (OIs) is critical for improving the health outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study aimed to describe the feasibility of implementing a package for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and cryptococcosis in patients with advanced HIV/AIDS disease in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The research involved two focus groups with health professionals, four in-depth interviews with healthcare managers, and twelve interviews with PLWHA.

A Case of Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO).

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare but underdiagnosed, severe inflammatory bone disease that primarily affects children. It's typically characterized by bone pain, especially within the metaphysis of long bones, clavicles, and vertebrae, but it can present in any bone and with varied presentation, including extraosseous symptoms that may be associated with other autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is a sterile bone disease that does not typically have an infectious source.

 (Nassauvieae, Asteraceae), a new species of endemic to the Andes of Central Chile, and insights into the systematics of Nassauviae.

A new species, , endemic to a restricted area of the Andes of Central Chile, is here described. Using newly sequenced nDNA and cpDNA data, the phylogenetic affinities of and closely related taxa within Nassauvieae are revisited. This new species shows a unique set of characters that clearly distinguish it from other species of .

Comparative analysis of Piezo-ICSI and conventional ICSI in bovine embryo development.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technique (ART) mainly used to overcome severe male factor infertility problems in humans and animals. However, in cattle, one of the most demanded species for its meat and milk, the efficiency of this technique is low. The present study compared the effect of the piezoelectric and conventional injection systems on the preimplantational development and quality of bovine embryos generated by ICSI.

Speciation and evolution of growth form in D. C. (Dalbergieae, Fabaceae): the relevance of Andean uplift and aridification.

The Andean uplift and the concomitant aridification drove the rapid diversification of several plant lineages that were able to colonize warmer and drier habitats at low elevations and wetter and colder habitats at high elevations. These transitions may be facilitated by shifts in plant strategies to cope with drought and cold, which in turn can trigger episodes of accelerated species diversification. Here, we used four nuclear DNA markers to infer phylogenetic relationships of 80 species of annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs and small shrubs that occur in Chile and Argentina.

Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The Caribbean continues to have high HIV prevalence globally with concurrently high mortality rates due to opportunistic Infections. This study addresses the prevalence of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis among patients living with advanced HIV disease (AHD) in Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on the implementation of antigen-based diagnostic assays. Conducted as a cross-sectional survey across five HIV treatment sites, 199 participants with advanced HIV disease were enrolled between July 2022 and September 2023.

Forebrain Eml1 depletion reveals early centrosomal dysfunction causing subcortical heterotopia.

Subcortical heterotopia is a cortical malformation associated with epilepsy, intellectual disability, and an excessive number of cortical neurons in the white matter. Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 1 (EML1) mutations lead to subcortical heterotopia, associated with abnormal radial glia positioning in the cortical wall, prior to malformation onset. This perturbed distribution of proliferative cells is likely to be a critical event for heterotopia formation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplained.

Adherence to Short-Duration Treatment (3HP) for Latent Tuberculosis among International Migrants in Manaus, Amazonas: Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Treatment Modalities.

Migration, a multifaceted phenomenon, has a significant impact on health. Migrants perform similar movement patterns within their country of origin, in transit, and in the country of destination, thus making it difficult to monitor TB treatment throughout the journey. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of different treatment modalities in adherence to the short-term regimen for LTBI (3HP) among international migrants and refugees.

A molecular analysis of meropenem-vaborbactam non-susceptible KPC-producing .

We characterized the molecular determinants of meropenem-vaborbactam (MV) non-susceptibility among non-metallo-β-lactamase-producing KPC- (KPC-). Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify mutations associated with MV non-susceptibility. Isolates with elevated MV MICs were found to have mutations encoding truncated or altered OmpK36 porins and increased copy numbers.

Acyl-CoA binding protein for the experimental treatment of anorexia.

Extracellular acyl-coenzyme A binding protein [ACBP encoded by diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI)] is a phylogenetically ancient appetite stimulator that is secreted in a nonconventional, autophagy-dependent fashion. Here, we show that low ACBP/DBI plasma concentrations are associated with poor prognosis in patients with anorexia nervosa, a frequent and often intractable eating disorder. In mice, anorexia induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) is accompanied by a reduction in circulating ACBP/DBI concentrations.

Underrepresented in Medicine Trainees' Sense of Belonging and Professional Identity Formation after Participation in the Leadership Education in Advancing Diversity Program.

Background: There are persistent structural barriers that threaten inclusion and retention of underrepresented in medicine (UIM) residents and fellows (trainees) as future faculty in academic medicine. We developed the Leadership Education in Advancing Diversity (LEAD) Program at a single, academic institution, to address these barriers through a 10-month longitudinal curriculum across Graduate Medical Education for trainees to develop leadership and scholarship skills in diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI).

Objective: Explore how participation in LEAD impacted UIM trainees' sense of belonging and professional identity formation in academic medicine as well as perceptions about pursuing a career in academic medicine and future leadership roles.

The use of rapid diagnostic tests for chronic Chagas disease: An expert meeting report.

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people globally and is associated with significant underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Current diagnostic algorithms face challenges in remote regions. We aimed to review the potential of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for screening or diagnosing chronic Chagas disease in endemic areas.

Long-term trends of pH, alkalinity, and hydrogen ion concentration in an upwelling-dominated coastal ecosystem: Ría de Vigo, NW Spain.

The present study focuses on the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain), a coastal embayment influenced by the Canary Current Upwelling System, which is among the world's significant Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems. The research assesses historical changes in the marine carbonate system by generating 25-year weekly time series at six stations . Assessing ocean acidification in the region is complex due to diverse factors influencing coastal carbon dynamics, making predictions more challenging.