Urosepsis 30-day mortality, morbidity, and their risk factors: SERPENS study, a prospective, observational multi-center study.

Purpose: To provide a descriptive report of mortality and morbidity in the first 30 days of diagnosis of urosepsis. Secondary aim is to identify risk factors of unfavourable outcomes.

Methods: Prospective observational multicentre cohort study conducted from September 2014 to November 2018 in European hospitals.

[Development of clinical recommendations Cystitis in women].

The article is devoted to the stages of developing clinical recommendations on bacterial cystitis in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Principles of evidence -based medicine (meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials) are given. The Evidence Validity Level Assessment Scale (TDS) and Recommendation Credibility Level Assessment Scale (TDS) are given.

The negative aftermath of prostate biopsy: prophylaxis, complications and antimicrobial stewardship: results of the global prevalence study of infections in urology 2010-2019.

Purpose: To evaluate and report the complications, and to analyse antimicrobial stewardship aspects following prostate biopsies (P-Bx) based on the data from a 9-year global study.

Methods: The primary outcome was to compare complications after P-Bx between patients of two cohorts: 2010-2014 and 2016-2019. Primary outcomes included symptoms of lower and severe/systemic urinary tract infection (LUTIS and SUTIS, respectively), and positive urine culture.

[Bacteriophage Therapy of Urological Infections].

A literature review dedicated to the problem of bacteriophage therapy for infectious and inflammatory diseases, including urological infections, is presented. Considering the growth of antibiotic resistance, the search for alternative treatments is relevant. Current data about bacteriophages and mechanism of their action, difference of virulent and temperate phages is given, as well as mechanisms of bacteria resistance to phages and ways of its overcoming.

[Prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy].

Introduction: Given the increase in antibiotic resistance of uropathogens, one of the urgent problems is a development of optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgical interventions, as well as an adequate regimen of antibiotic therapy after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Aim: to determine an effective perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis for PCNL in patients with kidney stones.

Material And Methods: A total of 90 patients with staghorn or multiple large kidney stones who underwent PCNL were included in the study.

[Current state of antibiotic resistance of pathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan: results of the international multicenter study Darmis-2018].

Objective: To study in vitro activity of antimicrobials against clinical isolates from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in different regions of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in 2017-2018.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1260 isolates collectedin the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstanas a part of the international multicenter prospective epidemiological study of the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in different subsets of patients ("DARMIS-2018") were included in the analysis. 1124 strains represented the Enterobacterales order.

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate: are We Following the Guidelines? - Outcomes from the Global Prevalence of Infections in Urology (GPIU) Study.

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is one of the most common urological procedures. With the increasing rate of multiresistant infections including urosepsis, it is essential for all surgeons to adhere to the relevant international guidelines to prevent infectious complications. The aim of this prospective, multinational, multicentre study was to evaluate compliance with recommended infection control measures regarding TURP procedures.

The Global Prevalence of Infections in Urology (GPUI) Study: A Worldwide Surveillance Study in Urology Patients.

The GPIU study is currently the only study registering health care-associated urogenital tract infections, especially in urology patients, in an ongoing surveillance protocol that can help to deliver data on adequate empirical antibiotic therapy in hospitalised urology patients according to guideline recommendations. The annual GPIU study will continue to be performed in November of each year under the URL http://gpiu.esiu.

The role of nutraceuticals and phytotherapy in the management of urinary tract infections: What we need to know?

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common infectious diseases and carry a significant impact on patient quality of life and health care costs. Despite that, there is no well-established recommendation for a "standard" prophylactic antibiotic management to prevent UTI recurrences. The majority of patients undergoes long-term antibiotic treatment that severely impairs the normal microbiota and increases the risk of development of multidrugresistant microorganisms.

[The 2015 Federal Clinical Guidelines for Antimicrobial Therapy and Prevention of Infections of the Kidney, Urinary Tract, and Male Genitals].

This paper reviews the latest federal guidelines published in 2015. Emphasis is placed on the etiology and pathogenesis of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (uLUTI). There are data of the last Russian Darmis-2011 study of urinary tract infection pathogens and their resistance to essential antibiotics.

Antimicrobial resistance in urosepsis: outcomes from the multinational, multicenter global prevalence of infections in urology (GPIU) study 2003-2013.

Objective: Primary objective was to identify the (1) relationship of clinical severity of urosepsis with the pathogen spectrum and resistance and (2) appropriateness of using the pathogen spectrum and resistance rates of health-care-associated urinary tract infections (HAUTI) as representative of urosepsis. The secondary objective was to provide an overview of the pathogens and their resistance profile in patients with urosepsis.

Population And Methods: A point prevalence study carried out in 70 countries (2003-2013).

[Search for new modes of antibiotic prophylaxis of septic complications after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy].

The risk of infectious and inflammatory complications after PNL is based on presence of microorganisms in the form of biofilms inside the stone. Destruction of stones during surgery or lithotripsy may be a trigger for the growth of microorganisms that are integrated into the biofilms, and the migration of bacteria and their toxins in the blood flow under pressure of irrigation fluid can cause septic complications. The danger of infectious and inflammatory complications after percutaneous interventions for kidney stones requires a search for specific antibiotics for antimicrobial prophylaxis and efficient modes of their administration.

[Infectious genesis of nephroliths (electron-microscopic study)].

Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microstructural analysis were employed in the study of nephroliths from patients suffering from nephrolithiasis. Bacterial biofilms, urease producing microorganisms, alkaline reaction of the urine are basic factors for local urine crystallization, formation of the base of the nephroliths and its rigid fixation to the pelvic mucosa. Mechanic trauma of the pelvic tissues by the concrement results in destruction of the pelvic mucosa epithelium at the site of the nephrolith.

[Choice of antibacterial drugs in urinary infection].

A rise in efficacy of the treatment of acute infection affecting the lower urinary tract (LUTI) and prolongation of recurrence-free interval in chronic LUTI can be achieved only by an optimal antibacterial treatment. The study was made of 987 community-acquired strains of uropathogens from the patients living in 20 cities of the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan (of them, 903 strains were from Russia). Enterobacteriaceae comprised 83.

[Russian results of the international epidemiological study of clinical aspects and resistance to antimicrobial medicines of cystitis uropathogens in females (ARESC): significance of empiric therapy].

A total of 656 female patients from Russia aged between 18 to 65 years with uncomplicated cystitis entered the international ARESC trial, of them 647 were eligible for final analysis. Positive cultural urine tests ( > 10(4) CFU/ml) were in 419 (64.7%) patients, 393 (93.

[Significance of detection of genomic markers of pathogenicity islands in Escherichia coli in urological practice].

Examinations of 86 (100%) patients aged 16 to 68 years who had urinary tract infection could isolate 67 Escherichia coli cultures, 32 of them in acute pyelonephritis with marked destructive changes, 24 during an exacerbation of chronic cystitis, 11 in asymptomatic bacteriuria. Twenty E. coli strains isolated from feces of apparently healthy individuals were used as a control.

[Clinical implications of E. coli pathogenic factors in patients with urinary infection].

The authors show perspectives of using primers detecting nucleotide gene sequences in isolated E. coli strains; pathogenic factors of E. coli, fimbrial adhesive (type I and type P); alpha-hemolysin (hly); cytotoxic necrotising factor I (cnf-1); iron-regulated proteins for predicting the course of the inflammatory process in urological patients with bacterial infection.

[Economic profitability: current aspects of X-ray contrast diagnosis in urology].

A diversity of X-ray contrast diagnostic techniques used in urology provides a way of using different groups of X-ray contrast materials (XCMs) in accordance of the set tasks. Many years' experience in handling water-soluble triiodinated XCMs while examining the kidneys and urinary tract provides evidence for their diagnostic effectiveness and safety. The new Triombrast (OAO "Farmac", Kiev) synthesized on the basis of the Spanish substance (Justesa Imagen SA) has successfully undergone clinical trials and meets the high requirements made by the specialized urological facilities is economically profitable.

[Doksazozin "Cardura" in acute urinary retention caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Drug treatment of acute ischuria (AI) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is discussed. Catheterization of the urinary bladder is the main treatment for AI. AI is caused by anatomical obstruction, hypertone of smooth myocytes, and energy imbalance of detrusor.

[Experience in the use of doxazosin in patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate].

Selective alpha-1-adrenoblockers are thought promising in current conservative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The trial of doxazosin (cardura)--a selective alpha-blocker--included 78 BPH patients with obstructive urination. All the patients received a single daily dose of doxazosin 4-8 mg (mean 5.

[A clinical trial of the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia using the alpha 1-adrenoblocker alfuzosin].

Alfuzosin (dalphaz) has been tried in 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The treatment lasted for 14 weeks: 2 weeks of placebo and 12 weeks of alfuzosin. The drug was given in a daily dose of 10 mg (5 mg twice a day).