[Important bilateral corneal astigmatism in a case of ocular ochronosis].

Ochronosis or alkaptonuria is a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disease where the enzyme homogentisic acid 1,2-dioxygenase is missing. This enzyme is necessary in the oxidation of phenylalanine and tyrosine. As a result of this defect homogentisic acid, which is normally produced during the metabolism of the two amino-acids, cannot be further metabolized and therefore accumulates in the serum.

Long term follow-up of birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Background: To report the long term follow-up of a case of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy treated with steroids and cyclosporine during three years and followed for twenty years.

Methods: The patient was monitored with Snellen visual acuity, slit lamp examination, perimetry, colour vision test, fluorescein angiography, electroretinogram (ERG) and electrooculogram (EOG).

Results: The retinal alterations progressed despite minimization of the intraocular inflammation.

[How to correct presbyopia].

The appropriate addition correcting a patient's presbyopia can be determined by many ways. It depends on the amplitude of accommodation and convergence, ametropia and age of the patient but also on the kind of work and on the subjectively comfortable distance at which it is performed.

[Post-varicella acute retinal necrosis].

A man aged 43 in good health complaints of sudden blurred vision in his right eye, 12 days after a generalized chickenpox eruption. Examination shows an intraocular inflammation with retinal necrosis in temporal periphery. The serum antibodies against varicella-zoster are positive for the IgM and IgG, confirming a recent infection by varicella zoster.