The CASE of brand names during sentence reading.

Brand names typically maintain a distinctive letter case (e.g., IKEA, Google).

Top-down feedback normalizes distortion in early visual word recognition: Insights from masked priming.

The identification of visually presented words tolerates distortions in the input format, as Hannagan et al. Plos One, 7, e32121, (2012) demonstrated in a masked priming lexical decision task, showing sizable identity-priming effects with CAPTCHA-like primes. This tolerance to distortion has two potential explanations: bottom-up normalization in the encoding stage (Dehaene et al.

The effect of inter-letter spacing on the N170 during visual word recognition: An event-related potentials experiment.

Previous behavioral studies have shown that inter-letter spacing affects visual word recognition and reading. While condensed spacing may hinder the early stages of letter encoding because of increased crowding effects, the impact of expanded inter-letter spacing is still unclear. To examine the electrophysiological signature of inter-letter spacing on visual word recognition, we presented words in three different inter-letter spacing conditions (default, condensed [-1.

Are the early stages of orthographic processing universal? Insights from masked priming with Semitic words.

Two views contend to account for the processes at play during the early stages of visual word recognition. The first holds that these stages are not modulated by the idiosyncratic properties of different languages. The second maintains that the structural properties of the language determine the weighting of the different domains of linguistic knowledge (e.

Methods for the Inactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a Systematic Review of the Literature.

To systematize published laboratory methods to inactivate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and to describe their effectiveness. We carried out a review of the scientific literature to identify the publications that reported methods for the inactivation of MTB, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. The search addressed inactivation methodologies used in Public health laboratories for the treatment of biological material and only included studies reporting the efficacy of the method.

Dissociating the Effects of Visual Similarity for Brand Names and Common Words.

Abstractionist models of visual word recognition can easily accommodate the absence of visual similarity effects in misspelled common words (e.g., vs.

The distinctive role of vowel harmony in visual word recognition: The case of Turkish.

Vowel harmony is a phenomenon in which the vowels in a word share some features (e.g., frontness vs.

Tracking the brain signature of (mis)spelled logotypes via letter transpositions and replacements.

All leading models of visual word recognition assume a hierarchical process that progressively converts the visual input into abstract letter and word representations. However, the results from recent behavioral studies suggest that the mental representations of words with a highly consistent visual format, such as logotypes, may comprise not only purely abstract information but also perceptual information. This hypothesis would explain why participants often misperceive transposed-letter misspellings with the original base words to a larger degree in logotypes (e.

Breathing Life Into Meta-Analytic Methods.

Meta-analyses have become indispensable in the behavioral sciences, combining and summarizing data from multiple studies. While they offer many advantages (e.g.

Individual differences in word skipping during reading in English as L2.

The Multilingual Eye-movement Corpus (MECO; Siegelman et al., 2022) contains data from unbalanced bilinguals reading in their first language (L1) for a variety of languages and in English as their second language (L2). We analyzed word skipping in L2 on the basis of five predictors consisting of the frequency and length of the word in L2 and three measures of individual differences.

Visual word identification beyond common words: The role of font and letter case in brand names.

While abstractionist theories of visual word recognition propose that perceptual elements like font and letter case are filtered out during lexical access, instance-based theories allow for the possibility that these surface details influence this process. To disentangle these accounts, we focused on brand names embedded in logotypes. The consistent visual presentation of brand names may render them much more susceptible to perceptual factors than common words.

Emotional Face Processing in Autism Spectrum Condition: A Study of Attentional Orienting and Inhibitory Control.

A core feature of Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC) is the presence of difficulties in social interactions. This can be explained by an atypical attentional processing of social information: individuals with ASC may show problems with orienting attention to socially relevant stimuli and/or inhibiting their attentional responses to irrelevant ones. To shed light on this issue, we examined attentional orienting and inhibitory control to emotional stimuli (angry, happy, and neutral faces).

The moon cycle influences reproductive and productive traits in guinea pigs () from a tropical Andean area.

There is currently innumerable evidence showing that the lunar cycle affects various reproductive aspects in farm animals. However, there is very little information on the effect of the lunar cycle on productive traits in these species. A retrospective study was conducted (2015-2018) to evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle on some reproductive and productive traits in a guinea pig () production system in the southern Andean region of Ecuador.

Misspelled logotypes: the hidden threat to brand identity.

Brand names are valuable company assets often accompanied by a unique graphical composition (i.e., as logotypes).

Examining Letter Detector Tolerance through Offset Letter Halves: Evidence from Lexical Decision.

Neurobiological models of reading assume that the specialized detectors at the letter level (e.g., the arrays of detectors for the letter 'n') possess a certain degree of tolerance (e.

Reading(,) with and without commas.

All major writing systems mandate the use of commas to separate clauses and list items. However, casual writers often omit mandatory commas. Little empirical or theoretical research has been done on the effect that omitting mandatory commas has on eye movement control during reading.

Adaptative Strategies in Species (Cactaceae) and the Presence of Ectomycorrhizae Associated with Survival in Arid Environments.

The Cactaceae family makes use of different strategies, both physiological and biochemical, for anatomical adjustments that allow them to grow and reproduce in arid environments. Morphological studies of have been scarce, and the anatomy and phytochemistry are still largely unknown. The aim of the present work was to analyze the structural, physiological, and biochemical features of and , two endemic species of arid regions in Argentina.

Constraints on integration of orthographic information across multiple stimuli: effects of contiguity, eccentricity, and attentional span.

Five flanked lexical decision experiments investigated the integration of information across spatially distinct letter strings. Experiment 1 found no significant difference between quadrigram flankers (e.g.

The effects of reward and frustration on the task performance of autistic children and adolescents.

Background: Autistic individuals often exhibit social communication and socio-emotional styles that may interfere with achieving social and academic outcomes. At a more specific level, they may perform differently in various social and academic tasks due to different modes of processing rewards or unpleasant experiences (e.g.

Breaking the boundaries: the power of ligatures in visual-word recognition.

Introduction: Current neurobiological-inspired models of visual-word recognition propose that letter detectors in the word recognition system can tolerate some variations in the visual form of the letters. However, it is unclear whether this tolerance extends to novel ligatures, which combine two letters into a single glyph.

Methods: To investigate this, the present study utilized a masked priming experiment with a lexical decision task to examine whether primes containing novel ligatures are effective in activating their corresponding base word, relative to omitted-letter primes, in the initial stages of word processing.

One more trip to Barcetona: on the special status of visual similarity effects in city names.

Previous research has shown that, unlike misspelled common words, misspelled brand names are sensitive to visual letter similarity effects (e.g., amazom is often recognized as a legitimate brand name, but not amazot).

Rëâdīńg wõrdš wîth ōrńåmêńtš: is there a cost?

Introduction: Recent research has reported that adding non-existent diacritical marks to a word produces a minimal reading cost compared to the intact word. Here we examined whether this minimal reading cost is due to: (1) the resilience of letter detectors to the perceptual noise (i.e.

TouchScope: A Passive-Haptic Device to Investigate Tactile Perception Using a Refreshable Braille Display.

The sense of touch is underrepresented in cognitive psychology research. One of the reasons is that controlling the timing of stimulus presentation, which is a hallmark of cognitive research, is significantly more difficult for tactile stimuli than visual or auditory stimuli. In the present work, we present a system to display tactile stimuli (braille cells) and collect response time with the capability for static and dynamic (passive haptic) stimuli prsentation that will contribute to the development of tactile research.