Undiagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the forehead presenting as a Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common periocular skin cancer. We describe a case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from actinic keratosis and causing orbital and intracranial invasion via perineural spread. Perineural invasion (PNI) is a known feature of SCC and very rarely basal cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

Malignant nodular hidradenoma on the scalp: report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytology features and histologic correlation.

Background: Malignant nodular hidradenoma (MNH) is a malignant adnexal tumor of the eccrine sweat glands. The histology is similar to that of benign nodular hidradenoma, but MNH shows an infiltrative and invasive pattern, necrosis and angiolymphatic invasion.

Case: A 60-year-old woman, diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma 6 months before, underwent fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a nodule on the scalp.

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the nasal fossa.

An unusual case of a T4N2CMx polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma located in the nasal fossae and extending to the pterygoid area is presented. The primary tumor was excised through a Lefort I maxillotomy and the neck was managed with a supraomohyoid neck dissection. Adjuntive postoperative radiotherapy was also administered to the patient.

Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in giant cell arteritis: involvement in vascular remodeling.

Background: Both matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) have been postulated to play roles in the pathophysiology of giant cell arteritis (GCA) because of their ability to degrade elastin. Understanding the specific mediators of arterial damage in GCA could lead to new therapeutic targets in this disease.

Methods And Results: Temporal artery biopsy specimens were obtained from 147 consecutive patients suspected of GCA.

No detection of parvovirus B19 or herpesvirus DNA in giant cell arteritis.

Background: Compelling arguments exist for a role of infectious agent in giant cell arteritis (GCA). Parvovirus B19 and several herpesviruses have focussed the attention in recent years, but the few studies to date have yielded inconsistent results.

Objectives: To study the relationship between the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA or major known herpesviruses and the histopathological features of GCA.