Identification of pharmacological inducers of a reversible hypometabolic state for whole organ preservation.

Drugs that induce reversible slowing of metabolic and physiological processes would have great value for organ preservation, especially for organs with high susceptibility to hypoxia-reperfusion injury, such as the heart. Using whole-organism screening of metabolism, mobility, and development in , we identified an existing drug, SNC80, that rapidly and reversibly slows biochemical and metabolic activities while preserving cell and tissue viability. Although SNC80 was developed as a delta opioid receptor activator, we discovered that its ability to slow metabolism is independent of its opioid modulating activity as a novel SNC80 analog (WB3) with almost 1000 times less delta opioid receptor binding activity is equally active.

A study of Samoan, Tongan, Cook Island Māori, and Niuean infant care practices in the Growing Up in New Zealand study.

Background: Despite a low rate of infant mortality, Aotearoa New Zealand has a high rate of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infants (SUDI), with disproportionate impact for Pacific infants. This study explored the infant care practices, factors and relationships associated with increased risk of SUDI amongst Tongan, Samoan, Cook Islands Māori, and Niuean mothers in New Zealand, to inform evidence-based interventions for reducing the incidence of SUDI for Pacific families and their children.

Methods: Analysis comprised of data collected in 2009-2010 from 1089 Samoan, Tongan, Cook Islands Māori and Niuean mothers enrolled in the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal cohort study.

Investigating the health status of primary school children in Tonga: Lessons learnt and reflections on field work in the Pacific Islands.

Globally, the child health focus has been on reducing under-5-year mortality, with large populations in low-resource regions prioritised. Children in older age groups, particularly in less populated regions such as the Pacific, have received limited attention. Child health research in the Pacific region has been lacking, and research approaches for the region have historically been from Western biomedical paradigms.

Risk factors for acute rheumatic fever: A case-control study.

Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remain an inequitable cause of avoidable suffering and early death in many countries, including among Indigenous Māori and Pacific populations in New Zealand. There is a lack of robust evidence on interventions to prevent ARF. This study aimed to identify modifiable risk factors, with the goal of producing evidence to support policies and programs to decrease rates of ARF.

What is Known About Critical Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosis and Management Experiences from the Perspectives of Family and Healthcare Providers? A Systematic Integrative Literature Review.

The experience of diagnosis, decision-making and management in critical congenital heart disease is layered with complexity for both families and clinicians. We synthesise the current evidence regarding the family and healthcare provider experience of critical congenital heart disease diagnosis and management. A systematic integrative literature review was conducted by keyword search of online databases, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, Cochrane, cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature (CINAHL Plus) and two journals, the Journal of Indigenous Research and Midwifery Journal from 1990.

Health equity and wellbeing among older people's caregivers in New Zealand during COVID-19: Protocol for a qualitative study.

Background: Knowledge of the challenges unpaid caregivers faced providing care to older people during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited. Challenges may be especially pronounced for those experiencing inequitable access to health and social care. This participatory action research study, located in New Zealand, has four main objectives, (i) to understand the challenges and rewards associated with caregiving to older care recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions; (ii) to map and collate resources developed (or mobilised) by organisations during the pandemic; (iii) to co-produce policy recommendations, identify useful caregiver resources and practices, prioritise unmet needs (challenges); and, (iv) to use project results in knowledge translation, in order to improve caregivers access to resources, and raise the profile and recognition of caregivers contribution to society.

Surviving versus thriving: The wellbeing of primary school aged children in Tonga.

Aim: To enable improvements in global child health, the focus must move beyond child survival to child wellbeing. In the Pacific Islands, the wellbeing of children has received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the wellbeing of children from three primary schools in Tonga.

A Preliminary Study of the Treatment Outcomes of Paediatric Dental Patients Referred for General Anaesthesia or Sedation at a Regional Hospital in Trinidad.

Unlabelled: General anaesthesia and sedation are known to be useful adjuncts in the care of paediatric dental patients. There are several challenges that prevent patients from receiving care.

Aim: To assess the treatment outcomes of paediatric dental patients seen at an emergency facility who were referred for treatment under sedation or general anaesthesia at a regional hospital in Trinidad.

All-of-community by all-of-government: reaching Pacific people in Aotearoa New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A large portion of Pacific communities throughout Aotearoa New Zealand continue to face socioeconomic hardship and have ongoing health needs that are affected by social and economic influences. The impact of COVID-19 has only exacerbated these needs and will continue to have an adverse effect on the current wellbeing, future health and sustainable development of these communities-if targeted efforts are not undertaken to meet their unique needs. The collective worldview of Pacific communities is fundamental to their existence; therefore, a response needs to be within a collective community.

Effect of the Abdominal Aortic and Junctional Tourniquet on chest compressions in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation.

Introduction: Mortality for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is high when traditional chest compressions are used without adjuncts. The abdominal aortic and junctional tourniquet (AAJT) is a device with a wedge-shaped air bladder that occludes the aortic bifurcation, augmenting blood flow to the heart and brain. Previously, the addition of AAJT during chest compression led to an increase in rate of survival in a model of traumatic cardiac arrest.

Risk Factors for Acute Rheumatic Fever: Literature Review and Protocol for a Case-Control Study in New Zealand.

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and its sequela, rheumatic heart disease (RHD), have largely disappeared from high-income countries. However, in New Zealand (NZ), rates remain unacceptably high in indigenous Māori and Pacific populations. The goal of this study is to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for ARF to support effective disease prevention policies and programmes.

Do data from child protective services and the police enhance modelling of perinatal risk for paediatric abusive head trauma? A retrospective case-control study.

Objectives: First, to investigate whether there is a relationship between a family being known to child protective services or police at the time of birth and the risk of abusive head trauma (AHT, formerly known as shaken baby syndrome). Second, to investigate whether data from child protective services or police improve a predictive risk model derived from health records.

Design: Retrospective case control study of child protective service and police records.

Congenital left heart obstruction: ethnic variation in incidence and infant survival.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between ethnicity and health outcomes among fetuses and infants with congenital left heart obstruction (LHO).

Design: A retrospective population-based review was conducted of fetuses and infants with LHO including all terminations, stillbirths and live births from 20 weeks' gestation in New Zealand over a 9-year period. Disease incidence and mortality were analysed by ethnicity and by disease type: hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), aortic arch obstruction (AAO), and aortic valve and supravalvular anomalies (AVSA).

Early Childhood Caries in 3 to 5 Year Old Children in Trinidad and Tobago.

Background: This study was done to evaluate the prevalence and contributory factors of early childhood caries (ECC) and severe ECC (S-ECC) among preschool children of Kindergartens and Early Childhood Centres in Trinidad and Tobago.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 342 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years. The school staff distributed a structured questionnaire to the children to be completed by the mother.

Smoking in pregnancy is a key factor for sudden infant death among Māori.

Aim: To examine the sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) disparity between Māori and non-Māori in New Zealand.

Methods: A nationwide prospective case-control study ran from March 2012 to February 2015. Exposure to established SUDI risk factors was analysed to investigate the disparity experienced by Māori.

Child morbidity as described by hospital admissions for primary school aged children in Tonga 2009-2013.

Aims: To describe inpatient utilisation patterns for primary school aged children in Tonga.

Methods: We described admissions for children aged 5-11 years to the main hospital in Tonga from January 2009 to December 2013. Rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared using rate ratios (RR).

The combination of bed sharing and maternal smoking leads to a greatly increased risk of sudden unexpected death in infancy: the New Zealand SUDI Nationwide Case Control Study.

Background: Despite a major reduction in overall infant mortality, sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) continues to be of concern in New Zealand, as the rate is high by international standards, and is even higher in indigenous Māori.

Aim: To identify modifiable risk factors for SUDI.

Methods: A three-year (1 March 2012-28 February 2015) nationwide case-control study was conducted in New Zealand.

Perinatal Risk and Protective Factors for Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: A Multicenter Case-Control Study.

Objective: To estimate associations between factors recorded in pregnancy and the first week of life and subsequent abusive head trauma.

Study Design: Multicenter, retrospective case-control study of perinatal records from 142 cases of abusive head trauma and 550 controls, matched by date and hospital of birth from 1991 to 2010. Multiple logistic regression assessed the relationship between perinatal exposures and abusive head trauma.