Switched on or switched off? A survey of mobile, computer and Internet use in a community mental health rehabilitation sample.

Background: UK society is undergoing a technological revolution, including meeting health needs through technology. Government policy is shifting towards a "digital by default" position. Studies have trialled health technology interventions for those experiencing psychosis and shown them to be useful.

Comparative study of episiotomy angles achieved by cutting with straight Mayo scissors and the EPISCISSORS-60 in a birth simulation model.

Introduction And Hypothesis: We compared the clinician's ability to cut episiotomies at the recommended 60° angle with traditional straight Mayo scissors compared with patented fixed-angle episiotomy scissors EPISCISSORS-60® in a simulated setting using mounted incision pads. The hypothesis was that fixed-angle episiotomies would achieve a more accurate cutting angle of 60°.

Methods: Angles were cut on episiotomy incision pads in a mounted birth model simulating crowning: 110 midwives and doctors cut an 60° episiotomy with Mayo scissors and then EPISCISSORS-60.

Labour force participation and the influence of having arthritis on financial status.

The objective of this study was to quantify the impact that having arthritis has on income poverty status and accumulated wealth in Australia. Cross-sectional analysis of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model. Across all categories of labour force participation status (employed full time, part time or not in the labour force at all), those with arthritis were significantly more likely to be in poverty.

Multiple chronic health conditions and their link with wealth assets.

Background: There has been little research on the economic status of those with multiple health conditions, particularly on the relationship between multiple health conditions and wealth. This paper will assess the difference in the value and type of wealth assets held by Australians who have multiple chronic health conditions.

Methods: Using Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model of the 45-64-year-old Australian population in 2009, a counterfactual analysis was undertaken.

Back problems, comorbidities, and their association with wealth.

Background Context: Studies assessing the economic burden of back problems have given little consideration to the presence of comorbidities.

Purpose: To assess the difference in the value of wealth held by Australians who have back problems and varying numbers of chronic comorbidities.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

How co-morbidities magnify the effect of arthritis on labour force participation and economic status: a costs of illness study in Australia.

Few studies have assessed the impact of co-morbid conditions amongst patients with arthritis. This study will quantify the impact co-morbid health conditions have on the labour force status and economic circumstances of people with arthritis. This study uses a microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD, to quantify the impact of co-morbidities on the labour force participation and economic circumstances of 45- to 64-year-old Australians with arthritis.

Indirect economic impacts of comorbidities on people with heart disease.

Background:  Few studies have assessed the effect of multiple health conditions among patients with heart disease, particularly the economic implications of having multiple conditions.

Methods And Results:  This study used a microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD, to assess the effect of comorbidities on the labor force participation of 45-64-year-old Australians with heart disease, and the indirect economic costs to these individuals and government. For most comorbid conditions, there is a significant increase in the chance of an individual being out of the labor force, relative to those with heart disease alone.

Multiple chronic health conditions and their link with labour force participation and economic status.

Aims: To assess the labour force participation and quantify the economic status of older Australian workers with multiple health conditions.

Background: Many older people suffer from multiple health conditions. While multiple morbidities have been highlighted as an important research topic, there has been limited research in this area to date, particularly on the economic status of those with multiple morbidities.

Premature retirement due to ill health and income poverty: a cross-sectional study of older workers.

Objectives: To assess the income-poverty status of Australians who were aged between 45 and 64 years and were out of the labour force due to ill health.

Design: A cross-sectional study using a microsimulation model of the 2009 Australian population (Health&WealthMOD).

Setting: 2009 Australian population.

The indirect economic impacts of co-morbidities on people with depression.

It is known that people with depression often have other co-morbid conditions; however this is rarely acknowledged in studies that access the economic impacts of depression. This paper aims to quantify the association between co-morbid health conditions and labour force status and economic circumstances of people with depression. This study undertakes cross-sectional analysis using a dataset that is representative of the 45-64 year old Australian population with depression.

Light-induced rearrangement of thioether-substituted phosphanide ligands: scope and limitations of a remarkable isomerization.

Treatment of the thioether-substituted secondary phosphanes R(2)PH(C6H4-2-SR(1)) [R(2) = (Me3Si)2CH, R(1) = Me (1PH), iPr (2PH), Ph (3PH); R(2) = tBu, R(1) = Me (4PH); R(2) = Ph, R(1) = Me (5PH)] with nBuLi yields the corresponding lithium phosphanides, which were isolated as their THF (1-5Pa) and tmeda (1-5Pb) adducts. Solid-state structures were obtained for the adducts [R(2)P(C6H4-2-SR(1))]Li(L)n [R(2) = (Me3Si)2CH, R(1) = nPr, (L)n = tmeda (2Pb); R(2) = (Me3Si)2CH, R(1) = Ph, (L)n = tmeda (3Pb); R(2) = Ph, R(1) = Me, (L)n = (THF)1.33 (5Pa); R(2) = Ph, R(1) = Me, (L)n = ([12]crown-4)2 (5Pc)].

The personal and national costs of lost labour force participation due to arthritis: an economic study.

Background: The costs of arthritis to the individuals and the state are considerable.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the base population of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model of 45 to 64 year old Australians built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model.

Results: Individuals aged 45 to 64 years who had retired early due to arthritis had a median value of AU$260 in total weekly income whereas those who were employed full time were likely to average more than five times this.

Environmental and occupational interventions for primary prevention of cancer: a cross-sectorial policy framework.

Background: Nearly 13 million new cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths occur worldwide each year; 63% of cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. A substantial proportion of all cancers are attributable to carcinogenic exposures in the environment and the workplace.

The personal and national costs of early retirement because of spinal disorders: impacts on income, taxes, and government support payments.

Background Context: Spinal disorders can reduce an individual's ability to participate in the labor force, and this can lead to considerable impacts on both the individual and the state.

Purpose: This study was aimed to quantify the personal cost of lost income and the cost to the state from lost income taxation, increased benefits payments, and lost gross domestic product (GDP) as a result of early retirement because of spinal disorders in Australians aged 45 to 64 years in 2009.

Methods: This was done using cross-sectional analysis of the base population of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model.

The association between labour force participation and being in income poverty amongst those with mental health problems.

Objectives: Mental health conditions are associated with lower standards of living. This study quantifies the relationship between employment, depression and other mental health conditions and being in income poverty.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was undertaken using the 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers data for Australians aged 45-64 years.

Association between co-morbidities and labour force participation amongst persons with back problems.

There are few studies that have looked at the occurrence of co-morbid conditions amongst patients with back problems. This study assesses the association between of a range of co-morbidities and the labour force participation rates of 45- to 64-year-old Australians with back problems. Logistic regression models were applied to the 2003 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers (SDAC) data to look at the relationship between chronic back problems, labour force participation and comorbidities.

The impact of diabetes prevention on labour force participation and income of older Australians: an economic study.

Background: Globally, diabetes is estimated to affect 246 million people and is increasing. In Australia diabetes has been made a national health priority. While the direct costs of treating diabetes are substantial, and rising, the indirect costs are considered greater.

The impact of back problems on retirement wealth.

This study undertook an economic analysis of the costs of early retirement due to back problems, with the aim of quantifying how much lower the value of accumulated wealth of individuals who exit the workforce early due to back problems is by the time they reach the traditional retirement age of 65 years--compared to those who remained in the workforce. This was done using the output dataset of the microsimulation model Health&WealthMOD. It was found that over 99% of individuals who are employed full time will have accumulated some wealth at age 65 years, whereas as little as 74% of those who are out of the labour force due to back problems will have done so.

Labor force participation and the influence of having back problems on income poverty in Australia.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of 45- to 64-year-old Australians.

Objective: To assess the relationship between chronic back problems and being in income poverty among the older working-aged population.

Summary Of Background Data: Older workers who leave the labor force due to chronic back problems have fragile economic situations and as such are likely to have poorer living standards.

The personal and national costs of CVD: impacts on income, taxes, government support payments and GDP due to lost labour force participation.

Background: CVD has the ability to interrupt an individual's ability to participate in the labour force, and this can have considerable follow-up on impacts to both the individual and the state. This study aimed to quantify the personal cost of lost income and the cost to the state from lost income taxation, increased benefit payments and lost GDP as a result of early retirement due to CVD in Australians aged 45-64 in 2009.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the base population of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model.

How depression and other mental health problems can affect future living standards of those out of the labour force.

Objectives: To estimate the extent to which those who exit the workforce early due to mental health problems have less savings by the time they reach retirement age.

Methods: Using Health & WealthMOD--a microsimulation model of Australians aged 45-64 years that predicts accumulated savings at age 65, regression models were used to analyse the differences between the projected savings and the retirement incomes of people at age 65 for those currently working with no chronic condition, and people not in the labour force due to mental health problems.

Results: Females who retire early due to depression have a median value of total savings by the time they are 65 of $300.

Economic impacts of illness in older workers: quantifying the impact of illness on income, tax revenue and government spending.

Background: Long term illness has far reaching impacts on individuals, and also places a large burden upon government. This paper quantifies the indirect economic impacts of illness related early retirement on individuals and government in Australia in 2009.

Methods: The output data from a microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD, was analysed.