Does order matter? Harmonic priming effects for scrambled tonal chord sequences.

This study examines whether scrambling the order of events in a tonal chord sequence inhibits the speed and accuracy of processing in two behavioral harmonic priming experiments. Sixteen 9-chord sequences were adapted from Bach's chorales that either remained unchanged (thereby reflecting high temporal coherence) or were scrambled to produce increasingly incoherent sequences (i.e.

Skill decay following Basic Life Support training: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Survival from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is lower in the UK than in several developed nations. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with increased rates of survival to hospital discharge following OHCA, prompting the introduction of several initiatives by the UK government to increase rates of bystander CPR, including the inclusion of Basic Life Support (BLS) teaching within the English national curriculum. While there is clear benefit in this, increasing evidence suggests poor retention of skills following BLS teaching.

Estimating distribution of hidden objects with drones: from tennis balls to manatees.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or drones, have been used widely in military applications, but more recently civilian applications have emerged (e.g., wildlife population monitoring, traffic monitoring, law enforcement, oil and gas pipeline threat detection).

Nematodes collected by gastric lavage from live American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, in Florida.

Stomach nematodes were collected from 151 live American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, from 3 lakes (Apopka, Griffin, and Woodruff) in north-central Florida using a gastric lavage technique. Four species were identified: Dujardinascaris waltoni, Ortleppascaris antipini, Brevimulticaecum tenuicolle, and larvae of Contracaecum sp. Of these, D.

Understanding barriers to implementation of an adaptive land management program.

The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission manages over 650,000 ha, including 26 wildlife management and environmental areas. To improve management, they developed an objective-based vegetation management (OBVM) process that focuses on desired conditions of plant communities through an adaptive management framework. Our goals were to understand potential barriers to implementing OBVM and to recommend strategies to overcome barriers.

Cadmium in soil solutions from a transect of soils away from a fertiliser bin.

The effects of high inputs of phosphate fertiliser on Cd concentrations were studied in soil solutions extracted from topsoils. Soils were sampled along a transect at distances of 1-100 m away from a fertiliser bin. The transect was sampled four times during 1 year.

Plasma steroid concentrations and male phallus size in juvenile alligators from seven Florida lakes.

Neonatal and juvenile alligators from contaminated Lake Apopka in central Florida exhibit abnormal plasma sex steroid concentrations as well as morphological abnormalities of the gonad and phallus. This study addresses whether similar abnormalities occur in juvenile alligators inhabiting six other lakes in Florida. For analysis, animals were partitioned into two subsets, animals 40-79 cm total length (1-3 years old) and juveniles 80-130 cm total length (3-7 years old).

Reduction in penis size and plasma testosterone concentrations in juvenile alligators living in a contaminated environment.

The development of the male reproductive ducts and external genitalia in vertebrates is dependent on elevated androgen concentrations during embryonic development and the period of postnatal growth. We have observed that a population of juvenile alligators living on Lake Apopka exhibit significantly smaller penis size (24% average decrease) and lower plasma concentrations of testosterone (70% lower concentrations) when compared to animals of similar size on Lake Woodruff. In addition to smaller phalli, no relationship exists between plasma testosterone concentrations and penile size in males from Lake Apopka, whereas a positive relationship exists for males from Lake Woodruff.

Gonadal steroidogenesis in vitro from juvenile alligators obtained from contaminated or control lakes.

The ubiquitous distribution of many contaminants and the nonlethal, multigenerational effects of such contaminants on reproductive, endocrine, and immune systems have led to concerns that wildlife worldwide are affected. Although the causal agents and effects are known for some species, the underlying physiological mechanisms associated with contaminant-induced reproductive modifications are still poorly understood and require extensive research. We describe a study examining the steroidogenic activity of gonads removed from juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) obtained from contaminated or control lakes in central Florida.

Developmental abnormalities of the gonad and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators from contaminated and control lakes in Florida.

The reproductive development of alligators from a contaminated and a control lake in central Florida was examined. Lake Apopka is adjacent to an EPA Superfund site, listed due to an extensive spill of dicofol and DDT or its metabolites. These compounds can act as estrogens.

Contaminants in American alligator eggs from Lake Apopka, Lake Griffin, and Lake Okeechobee, Florida.

Residues of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 16 elements were measured in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) eggs collected in 1984 from Lakes Apopka, Griffin, and Okeechobee in central and south Florida. Organochlorine pesticides were highest in eggs from Lake Apopka. None of the elements appeared to be present at harmful concentrations in eggs from any of the lakes.

The N-terminal env-derived amino acids of v-rel are required for full transforming activity.

Expression of the v-rel oncogene of the reticuloendotheliosis virus, strain T (REV-T), can mediate the transformation of chicken spleen and bone marrow cells. Although the majority of the coding sequence of the v-rel oncogene is derived from the cellular rel sequence, the N- and C-terminal amino acids are coded for by remnants of the REV env gene. The resulting v-rel protein can be described as an env-rel-(out of frame env) fusion protein.

Initial continence testing of sleeved monolayer colonic anastomoses in sheep. A comparative bench study.

It has been said that the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in surgery of the colon, rectum, and esophagus is dehiscence. The new method of anastomosis tested here immediately after its completion is a sleeved continuous monolayer anastomosis with full-thickness proximal bowel joined to the mucosa and submucosa of distal bowel. The 3 to 5-mm sleeve of distal seromuscularis fashioned by prior excision of a ring of distal mucosa is folded over the monolayer anastomosis and tacked on to proximal seromuscularis by a second continuous suture.

Cefamandole as a prophylactic in cardiac surgery.

140 cases of patients requiring sternotomy incisions were divided into two groups receiving Penicillin/Flucloxacillin and Cefamandole prophylaxis. Pre- and post-operative and bypass circuit bacteriology was performed to determine the extent of contamination and infection with each regime after operations lasting 7 or more hours. Unexpectedly high contamination of the respiratory tract was observed in patients receiving Penicillin/Flucloxacillin prophylaxis.

Effects of two oral iron preparations on results of the benzidine test for occult blood in stools.

Thirty healthy male volunteers were used in this double blind trial. Two kinds of iron preparation and a placebo tablet containing no iron salt were used. The subjects were given one three times a day after meals in courses of 21 tablets.