[The history of vaginoplasty: Technical and sociological advances].

Technical advances in gender-affirming genital surgery have allowed the modern surgeon to create a vagina, vulva and clitoris from a male sex. This surgery, commonly known as vaginoplasty, should in fact be identified as aidopoiesis, since it is not a question of improving an already existing vagina but of creating a female sex. Numerous technical advances made since 1930 throughout the world now offer a safe and proven surgical strategy for female genital gender affirmation.

Anatomical study of the clitoris and its implications on female genital mutilation and surgical repair.

Background: Worldwide, 200 million girls and women have been subjected to female genital mutilation. To restore the clitoral function and vulvar anatomy, clitoral repair has been performed since the 2000s. Nevertheless, there is a lack of precise and comprehensive data on the clitoral anatomy during surgical repair.

[Female-to-male transgender chest reconstruction: A retrospective study of patient satisfaction].

Background: Mammaplasty in gender reassignment surgery is often poorly understood, due to a lack of information about this condition and its therapy. The aim of this work was to evaluate patient satisfaction following bilateral mastectomy for female-to-male gender reassignment.

Methods: We contacted 22 patients who underwent mammaplasty for female-to-male gender reassignment between January 2012 and March 2013 in our university hospital.

[Two cases of lymphoma in an implant capsule: A difficult diagnosis, an unknown pathology].

The anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare disease, its incidence in the United States is one case per 500,000 women and three for 100 million patients for breast single location. Forty-six cases have been reported in the literature. They can grow on any type of implant: expander prosthesis silicone and saline, smooth or textured envelope.

The "spaghetti technique": an alternative to Mohs surgery or staged surgery for problematic lentiginous melanoma (lentigo maligna and acral lentiginous melanoma).

Background: Lentigo maligna (LM) and acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) are often large and clinically ill defined. The surgical challenge is to spare tissue while still achieving clear margins.

Objective: We sought to provide a retrospective assessment of a two-phase surgical technique for lentiginous melanomas (MM) not suitable for en bloc resection.

[Familial form of primary cancer of the parathyroid glands. A disease entity or incidental association?].

Three cases of parathyroid neoplasms in familial hyperparathyroidism are reported. There were not associated with other endocrine glands or parathyroid glands lesions. Parathyroid gland carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 cases.