Observation of Rayleigh-Lamb waves generated by the 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption with the POLA detectors at Ny-Ålesund.

The eruption of the Hunga-Tonga volcano in the South Pacific Ocean on January 15, 2022, at about 4:15 UTC, generated a violent explosion, which created atmospheric pressure disturbances in the form of Rayleigh-Lamb waves detected all over the globe. Here we discuss the observation of the Hunga-Tonga shock-wave performed at the Ny-Ålesund Research Station on the Spitsbergen island, by the detectors of the PolarquEEEst experiment and their ancillary sensors. Online pressure data as well as the results of dedicated offline analysis are presented and discussed in details.

Acute and Chronic Catabolic Responses to .

Given the wide variety of conditioning program trainings employed, the present study compared the catabolic effects induced by CrossFit and resistance training in moderately trained subjects. Twenty males joined either the CrossFit group (n = 10; 30 min/day of "workout of the day") or the resistance training (RT) group (n = 10; 30 min/day of resistance exercises) thrice a week, for 8 weeks. Salivary levels of cortisol, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and uric acid were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays before (PRE) and 30-min after (POST) SESSION 1 and SESSION 24.

Action Observation Combined With Conventional Training Improves the Rugby Lineout Throwing Performance: A Pilot Study.

Combining action observation (AO) and physical practice contributes to motor skill learning, and a number of studies pointed out the beneficial role of AO training in improving the motor performance and the athletes' movement kinematics. The aim of this study was to investigate if AO combined with immediate conventional training was able to improve motor performance and kinematic parameters of a complex motor skill such as the lineout throw, a gesture that represents a key aspect of rugby, that is unique to this sport. Twenty elite rugby players were divided into two groups.

Effects of Two Types of 9-Month Adapted Physical Activity Program on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Balance in Moderate Sarcopenic Older Women.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of two types of 9-month adapted physical activity (APA) program, based on a muscle reinforcement training and a postural training, respectively, on muscle mass, muscle strength, and static balance in moderate sarcopenic older women. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was done in accordance with measurable variables and cut-off points suggested by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Seventy-two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the muscle reinforcement training group (RESISTANCE) (n=35; 69.

Boosting and consolidating the proprioceptive cortical aftereffect by combining tendon vibration and repetitive TMS over primary motor cortex.

Tendon vibration of a limb elicits illusory movements in the direction that the vibrated muscle would be stretched, followed by a transient perception of movement in the opposite direction, that was demonstrated to correspond to a "cortical" aftereffect (Goodwin et al. Science 175:1382-1384, 1972). Primary motor cortex (M1) excitability of the non-vibrated antagonist muscle of the vibrated muscle increased during vibration and decreased thereafter.

IVGTT-based simple assessment of glucose tolerance in the Zucker fatty rat: Validation against minimal models.

For the assessment of glucose tolerance from IVGTT data in Zucker rat, minimal model methodology is reliable but time- and money-consuming. This study aimed to validate for the first time in Zucker rat, simple surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity and secretion against the glucose-minimal-model insulin sensitivity index (SI) and against first- (Φ1) and second-phase (Φ2) β-cell responsiveness indexes provided by C-peptide minimal model. Validation of the surrogate insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and of two sets of coupled insulin-based indexes for insulin secretion, differing from the cut-off point between phases (FPIR3-SPIR3, t = 3 min and FPIR5-SPIR5, t = 5 min), was carried out in a population of ten Zucker fatty rats (ZFR) and ten Zucker lean rats (ZLR).

Calpain-1 resident in lipid raft/caveolin-1 membrane microdomains plays a protective role in endothelial cells.

We are here reporting that calpain-1 is a constitutive component of a distinct lipid raft/caveolin-1 microdomain isolated from bEnd5 cells in association with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Perturbations in intracellular calcium concentration by Ca-ionophore A23187 or prolonged cell exposure to high glucose induce a significant decrease in the level of eNOS accompanied by a recruitment of additional HSP90 molecules at this site. In these conditions the cells are more resistant to cell death by Ca overload.

Test of Electric Charge Conservation with Borexino.

Borexino is a liquid scintillation detector located deep underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS, Italy). Thanks to the unmatched radio purity of the scintillator, and to the well understood detector response at low energy, a new limit on the stability of the electron for decay into a neutrino and a single monoenergetic photon was obtained. This new bound, τ≥6.

Action observation: mirroring across our spontaneous movement tempo.

During action observation (AO), the activity of the "mirror system" is influenced by the viewer's expertise in the observed action. A question that remains open is whether the temporal aspects of the subjective motor repertoire can influence the "mirror system" activation.

Lifetimes of (214)Po and (212)Po measured with Counting Test Facility at Gran Sasso National Laboratory.

The decays of (214)Po into (210)Pb and of (212)Po into (208)Pb tagged by the previous decays from (214)Bi and (212)Bi have been studied inserting quartz vials inside the Counting Test Facility (CTF) at the underground laboratory in Gran Sasso (LNGS). We find that the mean lifetime of (214)Po is (236.00 ± 0.

First evidence of pep solar neutrinos by direct detection in Borexino.

We observed, for the first time, solar neutrinos in the 1.0-1.5 MeV energy range.

Therapeutic use of creatine in brain or heart ischemia: available data and future perspectives.

Creatine (Cr) is essential in safeguarding ATP levels and in moving ATP from its production site (mitochondria) to the cytoplasmic regions where it is used. Moreover, it has effects unrelated to energy metabolism, such as free radical scavenging, antiapoptotic action, and protection against excitotoxicity. Recent research has studied Cr-derived compounds (Cr benzyl ester and phos-pho-Cr-magnesium complex) that reproduce the neuroprotective effects of Cr while better crossing the neuronal plasma membrane and, hopefully, the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Precision measurement of the (7)Be solar neutrino interaction rate in Borexino.

The rate of neutrino-electron elastic scattering interactions from 862 keV (7)Be solar neutrinos in Borexino is determined to be 46.0±1.5(stat)(-1.

A novel hypothesis about mechanisms affecting conduction velocity of central myelinated fibers.

The hypothesis that gap junctions are implicated in facilitating axonal conduction has not yet been experimentally demonstrated at the electrophysiological level. We found that block of gap junctions with oleammide slows down axonal conduction velocity in the hippocampal Schaffer collaterals, a central myelinated pathway. Moreover, we explored the possibility that support by the oligodendrocyte to the axon involves energy metabolism, a hypothesis that has been recently proposed by some of us.

Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells increases neuron survival after global cerebral ischemia in vivo (2VO).

Although many studies have shown that administration of stem cells after focal cerebral ischemia improves brain damage, very little data are available concerning the damage induced by global cerebral ischemia. The latter causes neuronal death in selectively vulnerable areas, including the hippocampal CA1 region. We tested the hypothesis that intravenous infusion of bone marrowderived stromal cells (mesenchimal stem cells, MSC) reduce brain damage after transient global ischemia.

In vivo neuroprotection by a creatine-derived compound: phosphocreatine-Mg-complex acetate.

Phosphocreatine-Mg-complex acetate (PCr-Mg-CPLX) is a creatine-derived compound that in previous in vitro research was able to increase neuronal creatine independently of the creatine transporter, thus providing hope to cure the hereditary syndrome of creatine transporter deficiency. In previous research we showed that it reproduces in vitro the known neuroprotective effect of creatine against anoxic damage. In the present paper we investigated if PCr-Mg-CPLX reproduces this neuroprotective effect in vivo, too.

Direct measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino flux with 192 days of borexino data.

We report the direct measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino signal rate performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The interaction rate of the 0.862 MeV 7Be neutrinos is 49+/-3stat+/-4syst counts/(day.

Protective effects of some creatine derivatives in brain tissue anoxia.

Some derivatives more lipophylic than creatine, thus theoretically being capable to better cross the blood-brain barrier, were studied for their protective effect in mouse hippocampal slices. We found that N-amidino-piperidine is harmful to brain tissue, and that phosphocreatine is ineffective. Creatine, creatine-Mg-complex (acetate) and phosphocreatine-Mg-complex (acetate) increased the latency to population spike disappearance during anoxia.

Intracerebroventricular administration of creatine protects against damage by global cerebral ischemia in rat.

Although a large body of evidence shows that pretreatment of brain tissue with creatine protects against anoxic injury in vitro, only a couple of papers have investigated creatine protection in vivo, and they yielded conflicting results. We attempted to clarify how creatine may be protective in an in vivo model of global cerebral ischemia (GCI). We administered creatine either before of after GCI.

The creatine transporter mediates the uptake of creatine by brain tissue, but not the uptake of two creatine-derived compounds.

Hereditary creatine transporter deficiency causes brain damage, despite the brain having the enzymes to synthesize creatine. Such damage occurring despite an endogenous synthesis is not easily explained. This condition is incurable, because creatine may not be delivered to the brain without its transporter.

Kinetics of creatine in blood and brain after intraperitoneal injection in the rat.

Creatine has in recent years raised the interest of the neurologist, because it has been used in children with hereditary disorders of creatine metabolism and because experimental data suggest that it may exert a protective effect against various neurological diseases including stroke. Moreover, it is widely used as a nutritional supplement. It is well known that creatine crosses the blood-brain barrier with difficulty, however its accumulation into the brain after systemic administration is still not completely known.

Effects of exogenous creatine on population spike amplitude and on postanoxic hyperexcitability in brain slices.

In in vitro rat hippocampal slices, a short period of transient anoxia caused a lasting increase in the amplitude of the compound action potential (population spike, PS) that was evoked in CA1 by stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals. No such increase was seen over a comparable period of time in slices that were not subjected to anoxia. The appearance of such an increase was dependent on the duration of anoxia.

Role of creatine and phosphocreatine in neuronal protection from anoxic and ischemic damage.

Phosphocreatine can to some extent compensate for the lack of ATP synthesis that is caused in the brain by deprivation of oxygen or glucose. Treatment of in vitro rat hippocampal slices with creatine increases the neuronal store of phosphocreatine. In this way it increases the resistance of the tissue to anoxic or ischemic damage.

The Golgi apparatus of the scaly green flagellate Scherffelia dubia: uncoupling of glycoprotein and polysaccharide synthesis during flagellar regeneration.

The flagella of the green alga Scherffelia dubia are covered by scales which consist of acidic polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Experimental deflagellation results in the regeneration of flagella complete with scales. During flagellar regeneration, scales are newly synthesized in the Golgi apparatus, exocytosed and deposited on the growing flagella.

Microtubules, but not actin microfilaments, regulate vacuole motility and morphology in hyphae of Pisolithus tinctorius.

While it is now recognised that transport within the endomembrane system may occur via membranous tubules, spatial regulation of this process is poorly understood. We have investigated the role of the cytoskeleton in regulating the motility and morphology of the motile vacuole system in hyphae of the fungus Pisolithus tinctorius by studying (1) the effects of anti-microtubule (oryzalin, nocodazole) and anti-actin drugs (cytochalasins, latrunculin) on vacuolar activity, monitored by fluorescence microscopy of living cells; and (2) the ultrastructural relationship of microtubules, actin microfilaments, and vacuoles in hyphae prepared by rapid-freezing and freeze-substitution. Anti-microtubule drugs reduced the tubular component of the vacuole system in a dose-dependent and reversible manner, the extent of which correlated strongly with the degree of disruption of the microtubule network (monitored by immunofluorescence microscopy).