Patients' Experiences of Health After Surgical Treatment for Paraesophageal Hernia Grades III and IV: An Interview Based Study.

Surgery is the only available treatment for the longstanding chronic symptoms associated with large paraesophageal hernias except for reflux disease. The aim of this study was to illuminate how patients who previously suffered from grade III-IV hiatal hernia experience their life and health 2-6 months after surgery. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with 17 patients who received elective laparoscopic hernia repair for a large paraesophageal hernia.

An Estimation of the Monetary Value of the Person-Sievert Useful for Occupational Radiological Protection within the Healthcare System of Sweden.

The As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle includes taking into account economic and societal factors. To consider these factors, decision-aiding techniques such as cost-benefit analysis were introduced by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 50 y ago. Over the years, developments in health economics have led to new ways of deriving the concept of a value of a statistical life (VSL), which now is influencing the monetary value assigned to a unit of collective dose for radiological protection purposes (the α value) used in cost-benefit analyses.

Lead aprons and thyroid collars: to be, or not to be?

Wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time has a subjective component: to balance the effective dose reduction with the effort of carrying a heavy load. Occupational radiation exposure has decreased dramatically in the last century within the health care system. During the same period the use of lead aprons and thyroid collars has also gone up.

Being Caught in a Vicious Circle: An Interview Study of Individuals Suffering From Grade II-IV Hiatal Hernia.

Large paraesophageal hernias are related to life-threatening complications that warrant immediate surgery. Whether the long-standing chronic symptoms related to the disease in individuals without hernia incarceration motivate surgical treatment is still a subject for discussion. The aim of this study was to explore how individuals suffering from Grade II-IV hiatal hernia describe their symptoms and health, as well as how the disease affects their life.

The epidemiology of and management of pediatric patients with head trauma: a hospital-based study from Southern Sweden.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. In Scandinavia, the epidemiology of pediatric head trauma is poorly documented. This study aimed to investigate and compare the epidemiology and management of pediatric patients with isolated head trauma (IHT) and head trauma in connection with multitrauma (MHT).

Ways to improve guideline adherence in the emergency department: an interview study on the management of traumatic brain injuries.

Purpose: The aim was to explore factors affecting guideline adherence among doctors in the emergency department and to explore the general perception about local guidelines for traumatic brain injuries.

Methods: Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with doctors with experience working in the emergency department regarding different aspects of guideline use, with emphasis on the management of traumatic brain injuries. Twenty-eight interviews were included for analysis.

Comparison of the predictive value of two international guidelines for safe discharge of patients with mild traumatic brain injuries and associated intracranial pathology.

Purpose: To determine and compare the sensitivity, specificity, and proportion of patients eligible for discharge by the Brain Injury Guidelines and the Mild TBI Risk Score in patients with mild traumatic brain injury and concomitant intracranial injury.

Methods: Retrospective review of the medical records of adult patients with traumatic intracranial injuries and an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14-15, who sought care at Helsingborg Hospital between 2014/01/01 and 2019/12/31. Both guidelines were theoretically applied.

Effect of Short-term Homebased Pre- and Postoperative Exercise on Recovery After Colorectal Cancer Surgery (PHYSSURG-C): A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of a short-term, unsupervised exercise intervention before and after colorectal cancer surgery on self-assessed physical recovery.

Summary Of Background Data: Preoperative exercise interventions could help improve recovery after colorectal cancer surgery and is currently recommended.

Methods: A randomized, parallel, open-label trial in six university or regional hospitals in Sweden.

Application of NICE or SNC guidelines may reduce the need for computerized tomographies in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a retrospective chart review and theoretical application of five guidelines.

Background: Traumatic brain injuries continue to be a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Most traumatic brain injuries are classified as mild, with a low but not negligible risk of intracranial hemorrhage. To help physicians decide which patients might benefit from a computerized tomography (CT) of the head to rule out intracranial hemorrhage, several clinical decision rules have been developed and proven effective in reducing the amount of negative CTs, but they have not been compared against one another in the same cohort as to which one demonstrates the best performance.

Prospective comparison of capillary and venous brain biomarker S100B: capillary samples have large inter-sample variation and poor correlation with venous samples.

Background: Guidelines for the emergency management of mild traumatic brain injury have been used for over a decade and are considered safe. However, they recommend computerized tomography for at least half of these patients. The Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guideline uses serum S100B protein level to rule out intracranial hemorrhage.

Features of urine S100B and its ability to rule out intracranial hemorrhage in patients with head trauma: a prospective trial.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. S100B is the most documented emergency brain biomarker and its urine-assay might be advantageous because of easier sampling. The primary aim was to evaluate urine S100B's ability to rule out intracranial hemorrhage.

A proposed amendment to the current guidelines for mild traumatic brain injury: reducing computerized tomographies while maintaining safety.

Purpose: Head trauma is a common complaint in emergency departments. Identifying patients with serious injuries can be difficult and generates many computerized tomographies. Reducing the number of computerized tomographies decreases both cost and radiation exposure.

Management of mild traumatic brain injury-trauma energy level and medical history as possible predictors for intracranial hemorrhage.

Purpose: Head trauma is common in the emergency department. Identifying the few patients with serious injuries is time consuming and leads to many computerized tomographies (CTs). Reducing the number of CTs would reduce cost and radiation.

Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Emergency Department: Guideline Adherence and Patient Safety.

Background: Traumatic brain injury is a common reason not only for emergency visits worldwide but also for significant morbidity and mortality. Several clinical guidelines exist but adherence is generally low.

Aim: To study attitudes toward computed tomography of the head among emergency department Change to physicians throughout the article who manage patients with trauma to the head and doctors' adherence to guidelines.

Organizing for teamwork in healthcare: an alternative to team training?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how organizational design could support teamwork and to identify organizational design principles that promote successful teamwork. Design/methodology/approach Since traditional team training sessions take resources away from production, the alternative approach pursued here explores the promotion of teamwork by means of organizational design. A wide and pragmatic definition of teamwork is applied: a team is considered to be a group of people that are set to work together on a task, and teamwork is then what they do in relation to their task.

Compliance with the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist: deviations and possible improvements.

Background: Previous research suggests that the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist time-out reduces communication failures and medical complications and supports development of better safety attitudes. Previous research also indicates that different values can affect the implementation of interventions.

Objective: To investigate the actual usage of the checklist in practice and to catalogue deviations for the purpose of identifying improvements.

Human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus and epstein barr virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma from eight different countries.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major health problem in many parts of the world, and the major causative agents are thought to be the use of alcohol and tobacco. Oncogenic viruses have also been suggested to be involved in OSCC development. This study investigated the prevalence of human papillomaviruses (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 155 OSCC from eight different countries from different ethnic groups, continents and with different socioeconomic backgrounds.

Social structures in the operating theatre: how contradicting rationalities and trust affect work.

Aim: This article is a report of a study of how healthcare professionals involved in surgery orientate themselves to their common task, and how this orientation can be affected by the social and organizational context.

Background: Previous research indicates that surgical teams are not as cohesive as could be expected and that communication failures frequently occur. However, little is known about how these problems are related to their social, cultural and organizational context.

Presence of human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in oral biopsies from Sudanese patients with regard to toombak use.

Using PCR/DNA sequencing, we investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in brush biopsies obtained from 150 users of Sudanese snuff (toombak) and 25 non-users of toombak in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples obtained from 31 patients with oral dysplasias (25 toombak users and 6 non-users), and from 217 patients with oral cancers (145 toombak users and 72 non-users). In the brush tissue samples from toombak users, HPV was detected in 60 (40%), HSV in 44 (29%) and EBV in 97 (65%) of the samples. The corresponding figures for the 25 samples from non-users were 17 (68%) positive for HPV, 6 (24%) positive for HSV and 21 (84%) for EBV.

Prevalence of viral (HPV, EBV, HSV) infections in oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer from India.

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of human papilloma viruses (HPV) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and the etiologic implication of this finding warrants further studies.

Objective: The prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and OSMF is high in India, and the diseases are partly attributed to high consumption of betel quid containing areca nut and tobacco. This study investigated the prevalence of HPV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA in two groups of patients using betel quid with tobacco, those with OSMF (n = 12) and those with OSCC (n = 62).

A nosocomial sapovirus-associated outbreak of gastroenteritis in adults.

The human caliciviruses norovirus and sapovirus are leading causes of acute, non-bacterial gastroenteritis. In contrast to norovirus, sapovirus is known to give infections mainly in infants and young children. We describe a nosocomial outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with sapovirus involving 23 adult patients and medical staff.