Harbingers of Hope: Scientists and the Pursuit of World Peace.

The ongoing wars in many regions-such as the conflict between Israel and Hamas-as well as the effects of war on communities, social services, and mental health are covered in this special editorial. This article emphasizes the need for international efforts to promote peace, offer humanitarian aid, and address the mental health challenges faced by individuals and communities affected by war and violence.

Shared decision making in the treatment of pediatric strabismus.

Purpose: To quantify the results of shared decision making in pediatric strabismus surgery from the parent perspective using the nine-item Shared Decision Making (SDM) Questionnaire and the associations of SDM score with parental education level; secondarily, to evaluate postoperative parental satisfaction as a function of child age, parental education level, SDM scores, and motor outcomes.

Methods: Consecutive parents of children 2-14 years of age with concomitant manifest strabismus that consented to strabismus surgery were surveyed using the SDM Questionnaire. A four-point Likert scale was used to gauge the level of postoperative satisfaction (POS).

Does Surgical Resection of Horizontal Extraocular Muscles Disrupt Ocular Proprioceptors?

Purpose: It has been promoted that disturbance of ocular proprioception may play a role in the pathogenesis of concomitant strabismus and other types of oculomotor anomalies. The aim of the study was to obtain knowledge about how surgical foreshortening of the myotendinous region potentially affects the proprioceptors that resides in this area of the muscles and to test the hypothesis that avoiding disruption of ocular proprioceptors result in a more favorable long term postoperative result.

Patients And Methods: The distal end of the lateral and medial rectus muscles from patients with manifest concomitant strabismus with a deviation of ≥15 prism diopters (PD) were collected during strabismus surgery and processed for light microscopy by standard histochemical techniques.

Comparison of Short-Term Effects of Treatment of Accommodative Infacility with Low Plus Addition in Single Vision Rx or Vision Therapy: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To compare the short-term treatment effect of low plus reading addition (ADD) and home-based vision therapy (VT) in a small group of symptomatic children with accommodative infacility (AIF) being the most significant dysfunction.

Methods: Nineteen children, 8 to 12 years of age, with a first-time diagnosis of AIF were consecutively and alternately allocated to treatment with ADD (+0.50 D addition in single vision Rx) or VT (accommodation exercises using Hart Charts) for a period of 6 weeks.

Dysregulated light/dark cycle impairs sleep and delays the recovery of patients in intensive care units: A call for action for COVID-19 treatment.

Exposure to an adequate light-dark cycle is important for the speedy recovery of hospitalized and institutionalized patients. Light exposure, including natural light, offers several health benefits to both patients and nursing staff. This includes physical (e.

Extraocular muscle resection, recession length and surgery outcome modelling in strabismus treatment: a pilot study.

Background: Many surgical formulas have been developed and proposed based on the experience of surgeons to improve the predictability of strabismus surgery. However, the consent among strabismus surgeons regarding the dose effect of the extraocular muscle (EOM) recession or resection was not achieved yet and the disagreement about the appropriate amount of strabismus surgery still exists.

Objective: Our study aimed to propose an instrument for EOM resection (RsL) and recession length (RcL) estimation before the surgery and second to elaborate an postoperative angle of deviation (PAD) predictive model using simple potential predictors.

Causes of concomitant strabismus surgery delay in teenagers and adults.

To reveal the reasons for strabismus surgery delay and motivations for seeking surgical treatment in adulthood. Prospective survey among 91 adult patients, suffering from concomitant strabismus acquired in the childhood that underwent delayed strabismus surgery. The mean age of participants was 24 years (from 16 to 58 years); 48 females (52.

Shared decision making and patients satisfaction with strabismus care-a pilot study.

Background: Strabismus is a complex disease that has various treatment approaches each with its own advantages and drawbacks. In this context, shared decisions making (SDM) is a communication process with the provider sharing all the relevant treatment alternatives, all the benefits, and risks of each procedure, while the patient shares all the preferences and values regarding his/her choices. In that way, SDM is a bidirectional process that goes beyond the typical informed consent.

Refractive Precision of Ray Tracing IOL Calculations Based on OCT Data versus Traditional IOL Calculation Formulas Based on Reflectometry in Patients with a History of Laser Vision Correction for Myopia.

Purpose: To compare the refractive predictability of ray tracing IOL calculations based on OCT data versus traditional IOL calculation formulas based on reflectometry in patients with a history of previous myopic laser vision correction (LVC).

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective interventional single-arm study of IOL calculations for cataract and refractive lens exchange (RLE) patients with a history of myopic LVC. Preoperative biometric data were collected using an optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) device (Haag-Streit Lenstar 900) and two optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices (Tomey Casia SS-1000 and Heidelberg Engineering Anterion).

Epidemiology of childhood manifest strabismus in the Republic of Moldova.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the rate of newly detected pediatric manifest strabismus cases in the Republic of Moldova. A descriptive study was conducted in the Republic of Moldova. The data about the number of children that passed the prophylactic ophthalmological examination every year (children of 3 months- 17 years), the number of new strabismus cases found annually and the number of manifest strabismus cases under evidence were collected from the Health Family Centers in the Northern, Southern, and Central districts of the Republic of Moldova.

Prevalence of Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease 5 to 15 After Refractive Surgery.

Purpose: To compare the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) as determined by signs and symptoms in patients with a history of laser vision correction (LVC) or implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation 5-15 years ago with a matched control group with no history of refractive surgery.

Patient And Methods: This was a cross-sectional case-control study. The subject population included patients who had LVC or ICL 5 to 15 years ago.

Prevalence and Predictors of Ocular Complications in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: A Cross-sectional Case-control Study.

Purpose: This study sought to identify the magnitude and the possible risk factors of ocular complications in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with a nested case-control design was conducted. Qualifying study subjects were patients who had been diagnosed with moderate to severe OSA (AHI index of ≥ 5, n=80), and control subjects (n=20) who had an AHI index of ≤ 5 ("normal").

Presbyopic refractive lens exchange with trifocal intraocular lens implantation after corneal laser vision correction: Refractive results and biometry analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive and biometry results of presbyopic refractive lens exchange (RLE) with trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with previous myopic or hyperopic corneal laser vision correction (LVC).

Settings: Memira AS, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Survey of referrals and medical reports in optometric practices in Norway: midterm findings from a 3-year prospective Internet-based study.

Purpose: The increasing demand for primary eye care due to an aging population implicates an enhanced role of optometrists in the communities. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the rate of referrals and returning medical reports between optometrists and health care professionals in Norway. The secondary objectives were to investigate the conformity of diagnoses in referrals and medical reports, the extent of optometric follow-up examinations and the use of ophthalmic diagnostic drugs in optometric practice.

Depressive symptomatology in tertiary-care glaucoma patients.

Objective: To investigate depressive symptomatology among patients with glaucoma and to relate the findings to disease stability.

Design: Cross-sectional postal survey.

Participants: The study sample consisted of 258 patients out of a pool of 884 respondents to a survey on health and sleep sent to 1809 glaucoma patients registered in a major tertiary glaucoma centre at the Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.

Role of melatonin in the eye and ocular dysfunctions.

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule and widely distributed in nature, with functional activity occurring in unicellular organisms, plants, fungi, and animals. Several studies have indicated that melatonin synthesis occurs in the retina of most vertebrates, including mammals. The retinal biosynthesis of melatonin and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of this process have been extensively studied.

Melatonin in the eye: implications for glaucoma.

Melatonin synthesis occurs in the retina of most animals as well as in humans. Circadian oscillators that control retinal melatonin synthesis have been identified in the eyes of different animal species. The presence of melatonin receptors is demonstrable by immunocytochemical studies of ocular tissues.