Work participation after receiving multidisciplinary treatment or acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for return to work: long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial among sick-listed individuals with mental disorders and/or chronic pain.

Background: The return-to-work (RTW) process for individuals on long-term sick leave can be complex. Vocational rehabilitation may facilitate RTW; however, many intervention studies often have relatively short follow-up periods. The purpose of this study was to assess long-term work participation 2-7 years after the initiation of a three-armed randomized controlled trial aimed at RTW for individuals on long-term sick leave because of mental disorders and/or chronic pain.

Relational continuity may give better clinical outcomes in patients with serious mental illness - a systematic review.

Background: Continuity of care is considered important for results of treatment of serious mental illness (SMI). Yet, evidence of associations between relational continuity and different medical and social outcomes is sparse. Research approaches differ considerably regarding how to best assess continuity as well as which outcome to study.

Heterogeneity in Blood Pressure Response to 4 Antihypertensive Drugs: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for premature death worldwide. Multiple blood pressure-lowering therapies are available but the potential for maximizing benefit by personalized targeting of drug classes is unknown.

Objective: To investigate and quantify the potential for targeting specific drugs to specific individuals to maximize blood pressure effects.

Misinterpretations of P-values and statistical tests persists among researchers and professionals working with statistics and epidemiology.

Background: The aim was to investigate inferences of statistically significant test results among persons with more or less statistical education and research experience.

Methods: A total of 75 doctoral students and 64 statisticians/epidemiologist responded to a web questionnaire about inferences of statistically significant findings. Participants were asked about their education and research experience, and also whether a 'statistically significant' test result ( = 0.

Outcomes associated with higher relational continuity in the treatment of persons with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review.

Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic conditions where relational continuity of care, as in regularly meeting the same health care provider, creates opportunities for monitoring and adjustment of treatment based on an individual's changing needs, potentially affecting quality of delivered care. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of relational continuity in the treatment of persons with asthma or COPD.

Methods: Eleven databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Database of Systematic Review of Effects, DARE, Epistemonikos, NICE Evidence Search, KSR Evidence and AHRQ) were searched between January 1, 2000, and February 1 - 4, 2021, for controlled and observational studies about relational continuity and health outcomes for persons with asthma and/or COPD.

Treatment of Provoked Vulvodynia: A Systematic Review.

Background: Treatment recommendations for provoked vulvodynia (PVD) are based on clinical experiences and there is a need for systematically summarizing the controlled trials in this field.

Aim: To provide an overview of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies of intervention for PVD, and to assess the certainty of the scientific evidence, in order to advance treatment guidelines.

Data Sources: The search was conducted in CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, Embase (Embase.

Factors associated with general practitioners' contacts with sick-listed patients' employers: A Swedish nationwide questionnaire study.

General practitioners' (GP) contacts with sick-listed patients' employers have been shown to be of importance for return to work. This study aimed to explore GPs' contacts with sick-listed patients' employers and factors associated with such contacts. In this cross-sectional study, 4228 GPs responded to a nationwide questionnaire about sickness certification (SC) practices.

Comparing the Efficacy of Multidisciplinary Assessment and Treatment, or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, with Treatment as Usual on Health Outcomes in Women on Long-Term Sick Leave-A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Chronic pain and mental disorders are common reasons for long term sick leave. The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a multidisciplinary assessment and treatment program including acceptance and commitment therapy (TEAM) and stand-alone acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), compared with treatment as usual (Control) on health outcomes in women on long-term sick leave.

Method: Participants ( = 308), women of working age on long term sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain and/or common mental disorders, were randomized to TEAM ( = 102), ACT ( = 102) or Control ( = 104).

Effects of apixaban compared with warfarin as gain in event-free time - a novel assessment of the results of the ARISTOTLE trial.

Background: A novel approach to determine the effect of a treatment is to calculate the delay of event, which estimates the gain of event-free time. The aim of this study was to estimate gains in event-free time for stroke or systemic embolism, death, bleeding events, and the composite of these events, in patients with atrial fibrillation randomized to either warfarin or apixaban in the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation trial (ARISTOTLE).

Design: The ARISTOTLE study was a randomized double-blind trial comparing apixaban with warfarin.

Gender differences in treatment with antidepressants during first weeks of a sick-leave spell due to depressive episode.

Background: The incidence of depression is higher in women; women are more often on sick leave due to depression, and more women than men use antidepressants. The objective of this study was to explore possible gender differences in buying prescribed antidepressants during the first 21 days of a new sick-leave spell due to depressive episode.

Methods: Included were all individuals living in Sweden in working age (18-64 years old) who in 2010 or 2011 began a new sick-leave spell due to depressive episode (ICD-10 F32) lasting at least 21 days (n = 44 863).

Perspectives on health examination for asylum seekers in relation to health literacy - focus group discussions with Arabic and Somali speaking participants.

Background: Asylum seekers coming to most countries are offered a specific health examination. A previous study concluded that a considerable proportion of those taking part of it in Sweden had poor experiences of the communication in and the usefulness of this examination and had poor health literacy. The aim of this study was to explore in greater depth the experiences of the health examination for asylum seekers among Arabic- and Somali-speaking participants in Sweden.

Gender differences in healthcare management of depression: aspects of sick leave and treatment with psychoactive drugs in a Swedish setting.

To investigate whether women and men diagnosed with depressive disorder were managed equally in terms of being sick-leave certified and being prescribed psychoactive drugs. Data from all patients diagnosed with depression during 2010-2015 in Uppsala county, Sweden ( = 19 448) were used to investigate associations between gender and issued sick-leave certificate, prescriptions of anti-depressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy referrals, at different time points up till 180 days after diagnosis. At diagnosis date, 50.

Living environment, social support, and informal caregiving are associated with healthcare seeking behaviour and adherence to medication treatment: A cross-sectional population study.

Despite the well-known associations between local environment and health, few studies have focused on environment and healthcare utilisation, for instance healthcare seeking behaviour or adherence. This study was aimed at analysing housing type, behaviour based on perceived local outdoor safety, social support, informal caregiving, demographics, socioeconomics, and long-term illness, and associations with health-seeking and adherence behaviours at a population level. This study used data from the Swedish National Public Health Survey 2004-2014, an annually repeated, large sample, cross-sectional, population-based survey study.

Length of time periods in treatment effect descriptions and willingness to initiate preventive therapy: a randomised survey experiment.

Background: Common measures used to describe preventive treatment effects today are proportional, i.e. they compare the proportions of events in relative or absolute terms, however they are not easily interpreted from the patient's perspective and different magnitudes do not seem to clearly discriminate between levels of effect presented to people.

P in the right place: Revisiting the evidential value of P-values.

P-values are often calculated when testing hypotheses in quantitative settings, and low P-values are typically used as evidential measures to support research findings in published medical research. This article reviews old and new arguments questioning the evidential value of P-values. Critiques of the P-value include that it is confounded, fickle, and overestimates the evidence against the null.

Multidisciplinary Intervention and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Return-to-Work and Increased Employability among Patients with Mental Illness and/or Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: People on long-term sick leave often have a long-lasting process back to work, where the individuals may be in multiple and recurrent states; i.e., receiving different social security benefits or working, and over time they may shift between these states.

The Precision HYpertenSIon Care (PHYSIC) study: a double-blind, randomized, repeated cross-over study.

High blood pressure is the leading risk factor for premature deaths and a major cost to societies worldwide. Effective blood pressure-lowering drugs are available, but patient adherence to them is low, likely partly due to side effects. To identify patient-specific differences in treatment effects, a repeated cross-over design, where the same treatment contrasts are repeated within each patient, is needed.

Motivation for return to work and actual return to work among people on long-term sick leave due to pain syndrome or mental health conditions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between motivation for return to work and actual return to work, or increased employability among people on long-term sick leave. Data by responses to questionnaires was collected from 227 people on long-term sick leave (mean = 7.9 years) due to pain syndrome or mild to moderate mental health conditions who had participated in a vocational rehabilitation intervention.

Poor health and refraining from seeking healthcare are associated with comprehensive health literacy among refugees: a Swedish cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to explore the distributions of comprehensive health literacy (CHL), general health, psychological well-being, and having refrained from seeking healthcare among refugees in Sweden. Further objectives were to examine associations between CHL and the above-mentioned factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 513 refugees speaking Arabic, Dari, and Somali.

Strengthened General Self-Efficacy with Multidisciplinary Vocational Rehabilitation in Women on Long-Term Sick Leave: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Purpose To investigate the effects of two vocational rehabilitation interventions on self-efficacy, for women on long-term sick leave ≥ 1 year due to chronic pain and/or mental illness. Methods This study uses data from a randomised controlled trial consisting of two phases and comprising 401 women on long-term sick leave. They were allocated to either (1) a multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention (TEAM), (2) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), or (3) control group.

Creating falseness-How to establish statistical evidence of the untrue.

Null hypothesis significance testing is the typical statistical approach in search of the truthfulness of hypotheses. This method does not formally consider the prior credence in the hypothesis, which affects the chances of reaching correct conclusions. When scientifically implausible or empirically weakly supported hypotheses are tested, there is an increased risk that a positive finding in a test in fact is false positive.

Time-based measures of treatment effect: reassessment of ticagrelor and clopidogrel from the PLATO trial.

Objective: Treatment effects to binary endpoints using time-to-event data in randomised controlled trials are typically summarised by reporting HRs derived with Cox proportional hazard models. Alternative and complementary methods include summarising the between-treatment differences on the metric time scale, quantifying the effect as delay of the event (DoE). The aim of this study was to reassess data from the PLATO study expressing the effects as the time by which the main outcomes are delayed or hastened due to treatment.

Social and health-related factors associated with refraining from seeking dental care: A cross-sectional population study.

Background: Social inequities are considered to affect healthcare utilization, whereas less is known about the factors associated with refraining from seeking dental care. This study aimed to investigate whether people with no social support, long-term illness, caregiver burden and low socioeconomic status (SES) refrained from seeking dental care in higher proportion than the general Swedish population.

Methods: This study used cross-sectional questionnaire data from repeated nationwide health surveys during 2004-2013 of a total of 90 845 people.

Effectiveness of two vocational rehabilitation programmes in women with long-term sick leave due to pain syndrome or mental illness: 1-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Mental illness and chronic pain are common reasons for long-term sick leave, typically more so for women. This study investigated the effects on return to work of 2 vocational rehabilitation programmes.

Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 308 women were allocated to treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy, to multidisciplinary assessment and individualized rehabilitation interventions, or to a control group.

Treatment effect expressed as the novel Delay of Event measure is associated with high willingness to initiate preventive treatment - A randomized survey experiment comparing effect measures.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate patients' willingness to initiate a preventive treatment and compared two established effect measures to the newly developed Delay of Events (DoE) measure that expresses treatment effect as a gain in event-free time.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, randomized survey experiment in the general Swedish population,1079 respondents (response rate 60.9%) were asked to consider a preventive cardiovascular treatment.