Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison of F-PSMA PET/CT and F-NaF PET/CT for Assessing Bone Metastases in 160 Patients with Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is increasingly used for primary staging in prostate cancer (PC), mainly because of its improved accuracy in detecting lymph node metastases compared with conventional imaging. However, the diagnostic benefit of PSMA PET/CT for detecting bone metastases is less well established. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of F-PSMA PET/CT and F-NaF PET/CT for detecting bone metastases in patients newly diagnosed with PC.

Gene Fusion Might Predict Resistance to PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: The emergence of novel DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways in molecular-target therapy drugs (MTTD) has shown promising outcomes in treating patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). About 25% of mCRPC patients have actionable deleterious aberrations in DDR genes, primarily in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. However, the response rate in patients with BRCA1/2 or mutations in HRR-related genes is only 45%-55%, when exposed to poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor-based therapy (PARPi).

Clinical efficacy of T-cell therapy after short-term BRAF-inhibitor priming in patients with checkpoint inhibitor-resistant metastatic melanoma.

Purpose: Despite impressive response rates following adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with metastatic melanoma, improvement is needed to increase the efficacy and broaden the applicability of this treatment. We evaluated the use of vemurafenib, a small-molecule BRAF inhibitor with immunomodulatory properties, as priming before TIL harvest and adoptive T cell therapy in a phase I/II clinical trial.

Methods: 12 patients were treated with vemurafenib for 7 days before tumor excision and during the following weeks until TIL infusion.

Dendritic cell vaccination in combination with docetaxel for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A randomized phase II study.

Background Aims: We investigated whether the addition of an autologous dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine (DCvac) induces an immune response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel.

Methods: Forty-three patients were randomized 1:1 to receive up to 10 cycles of docetaxel alone, 75 mg/m every 3 weeks or in combination with DCvac. Monocytes were harvested following a leukapheresis procedure, matured ex vivo and subsequently transfected with messenger RNA encoding multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs).

Clinical Impact of the Number of Treatment Cycles in First-Line Docetaxel for Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: We investigated the impact of the number of docetaxel cycles administered in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with first-line chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Charts from 421 consecutive patients who initiated standard treatment with docetaxel-based chemotherapy (75 mg/m every 3 weeks) between 2007 and 2013 were reviewed. Patients who received < 6 cycles of docetaxel were excluded from the analysis.

Cabazitaxel as second-line or third-line therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

To compare treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with cabazitaxel (CA) as second-line or third-line therapy in the everyday clinical setting. Charts from 94 patients treated with CA as second-line (n=28) or third-line therapy (n=66) were evaluated. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were used to register grade 3-4 nonhematological toxicity during treatment with CA.

Predictors of Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity and Treatment Outcomes in Elderly Versus Younger Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: In the present study, we examined possible predictors of chemotherapy-induced toxicity, treatment outcomes, and the consequences of dose reductions in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) receiving standard docetaxel.

Patients And Methods: Medical records from 421 consecutive patients treated with first-line docetaxel (75 mg/m every 3 weeks) and low-dose prednisolone from 2007 to 2013 at Herlev University Hospital were reviewed. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.

Long-Lasting Complete Responses in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma after Adoptive Cell Therapy with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and an Attenuated IL2 Regimen.

Purpose: Adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT) based on autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has achieved impressive clinical results in several phase I and II trials performed outside of Europe. Although transient, the toxicities associated with high-dose (HD) bolus IL2 classically administered together with TILs are severe. To further scrutinize whether similar results can be achieved with lower doses of IL2, we have carried out a phase I/II trial of TIL transfer after classical lymphodepleting chemotherapy followed by an attenuated IL2 regimen.

Low-dose prednisolone in first-line docetaxel for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: is there a clinical benefit?

Background: Randomized studies have shown improved survival with the combination of docetaxel (D) and prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We retrospectively investigated whether coadministration of low-dose glucocorticoids has clinical benefits.

Material And Methods: Records from 358 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated consecutively with either D 75mg/m(2) every 3 weeks (n = 124) (Rigshospitalet) or D and prednisolone (P) 10mg daily (n = 234) (Herlev Hospital) given as first-line chemotherapy were reviewed.

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)-reactive T cells differ in their functional characteristics in health and cancer.

Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) physiologically regulates systemic tryptophan levels in the liver. However, numerous studies have linked cancer with activation of local and systemic tryptophan metabolism. Indeed, similar to other heme dioxygenases TDO is constitutively expressed in many cancers.

[Fatal neutropenic enterocolitis in a patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy].

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a possible life-threatening complication to chemotherapy. The pathogenesis is multi-factorial with mucosal injury and impaired mucosal defence as contributing factors. Histopathological findings are heterogeneous.

Correlation between frequencies of blood monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells and negative prognostic markers in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are believed to play a role in immune suppression and subsequent failure of T cells to mount an efficient anti-tumor response, by employing both direct T-cell inhibition as well as induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Investigating the frequency and function of immune suppressive cell subsets in the peripheral blood of 41 patients with prostate cancer (PC) and 36 healthy donors (HD) showed a significant increase in circulating CD14(+) HLA-DR(low/neg) monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) and Tregs in patients with PC compared to HD. Furthermore, M-MDSC frequencies correlated positively with Treg levels.