Navigating an unfamiliar world - Parents' experiences of having a child with post COVID-19.

Background: Post COVID-19 diagnosis in children has been difficult as there has been a lack of knowledge within the healthcare system, leading to uncertainty concerning how these children should be assessed and treated. To understand the aspects of how parents experience seeking care for their child with an array of symptoms and how the child's symptoms affect their everyday life and family situation, we need to listen to the parents' stories about having a child living with post COVID-19.

Purpose: To describe parents' experiences of seeking professional care for their child with post COVID-19 symptoms and what kinds of impacts there are on their children's daily life.

Oculomotor screening and neuro-visual rehabilitation following pediatric brain tumor resection.

Visual difficulties are common after brain tumors, despite a lack of visual complaints at diagnosis. These include difficulties with eye movements, visual coordination, vergence, accommodation, and photophobia, in addition to more obvious problems such as visual field defects. This case report presents the results of a thorough neuro-visual evaluation in a boy with sequelae after a brain tumor including intermittent double vision that was not explained by routine visual examination.

A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature for Rehabilitation/Habilitation Among Individuals With Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury.

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review to examine the scientific literature for rehabilitation/habilitation among individuals with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: A literature search of multiple databases (i.e.

Test-Retest Reliability of Kinematic and Temporal Outcome Measures for Clinical Gait and Stair Walking Tests, Based on Wearable Inertial Sensors.

It is important to assess gait function in neurological disorders. A common outcome measure from clinical walking tests is average speed, which is reliable but does not capture important kinematical and temporal aspects of gait function. An extended gait analysis must be time efficient and reliable to be included in the clinical routine.

Pediatric spinal cord injury rehabilitation: A protocol for an international multicenter project (SINpedSCI).

Purpose: Children and adolescents (<18 years old) who sustain a spinal cord injury (SCI) should ideally be managed in specialized rehabilitation services. This project aims to describe the organization of pediatric SCI in ten rehabilitation units in seven countries and to qualitatively explore psychosocial aspects of adolescents living with SCI.

Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional project is planned, using quantitative (web survey) and qualitative (interview) methods in ten rehabilitation units from Norway, Sweden, United States, Israel, PR China, Russia and Palestine.

Patients' Experiences of Self-Administered Electrotherapy for Spasticity in Stroke and Cerebral Palsy: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: To explore patients' experiences of a self-administered electrotherapy treatment for muscle spasticity in cerebral palsy and stroke; the Exopulse Mollii Suit®.

Design: Qualitative design with an inductive approach Subjects: Fifteen patients with spasticity due to stroke or cerebral palsy, participating in a previous randomized controlled trial evaluating the treatment concept.

Methods: Information letters were sent to all potential participants (n = 27) in the previous study.

Organisation of services and systems of care in paediatric spinal cord injury rehabilitation in seven countries: a survey with a descriptive cross-sectional design.

Study Design: International multicentre cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To describe the organisation and systems of paediatric spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation services in seven countries and compare them with available recommendations and key features of paediatric SCI.

Setting: Ten SCI rehabilitation units in seven countries admitting children and adolescents with SCI < 18 years of age.

Complications of intrathecal drug delivery therapy (ITDD): A retrospective study of 231 implantations between 1999 and 2014.

Objective: Determination of types and frequencies of complications related to ITDD therapy, and assessment of possible risk factors for such complications.

Methods: Retrospective study (1999-2014) including all ITDD-implantations at one regional center in Sweden. Descriptors comprised: sex; age; medical condition; body weight index; preoperative ASA-grade; presence of indwelling urinary catheters, feeding tubes, and/or daily urinary or anal incontinence; primary or re-implantation; type of pump and catheter; drug delivered; weekday of surgery; surgical procedure time; surgeon; experience of surgeon; surgical theater; and type of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Dosing Patterns In Treatment of Disabling Spasticity With Intrathecal Baclofen.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe and analyze dosing patterns for patients with ITB treatment over time and to identify possible subgroups demonstrating diversity in patterns.

Design: A retrospective design.

Methods: For 81 patients from six different hospitals, baclofen doses from the first 2 years of treatment were identified using medical records.

Impact of spasticity on functioning in spinal cord injury: an application of graphical modelling.

Objective: To identify the impact of moderate-to-severe spasticity on functioning in people living with spinal cord injury.

Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data using graphical modelling.

Subjects: Individuals (n = 1,436) with spinal cord injury aged over 16 years with reported spasticity problems.

Inequalities in pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in Sweden - health economic consequences of closing the treatment gap.

Background: The Swedish Healthcare Act states that patients should have equal access to healthcare. This study addresses at how this translates to pharmacological treatment of adult spasticity, including injections with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) and pumps for intrathecal baclofen (ITB). To address potential economic incentives for treatment differences, the results are also set into a health economic perspective.

A review and evaluation of patient-reported outcome measures for spasticity in persons with spinal cord damage: Recommendations from the Ability Network - an international initiative.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are valuable for capturing the impact of spasticity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in persons with spinal cord damage (SCD) and evaluating the efficacy of interventions. To provide practical guidance for measuring HRQoL in persons with spasticity following SCD. Literature reviews identified measures of HRQoL and caregiver burden, utilized in studies addressing spasticity in SCD.

Experiences from intrathecal baclofen treatment based on medical records and patient- and proxy-reported outcome: a multicentre study.

Purpose: To investigate patient satisfaction with intrathecal baclofen treatment, complications from the treatment, and the impact of general expectations on treatment outcome in relation to satisfaction.

Methods: A multicentre study with cross-sectional design. Data were collected through questionnaires and patient records.

Evaluation of a self-administered transcutaneous electrical stimulation concept for the treatment of spasticity: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Spasticity is a common consequence of injury to the central nervous system negatively affecting patient's everyday activities. Treatment mainly consists of training and different drugs, often with side effects. There is a need for treatment options that can be performed by the patient in their home environment.

Efficacy and safety of oral baclofen in the management of spasticity: A rationale for intrathecal baclofen.

Oral baclofen has long been a mainstay in the management of spasticity. This review looks at the clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of oral baclofen in patients with spasticity of any origin or severity, to determine whether there is a rationale for the use of intrathecal baclofen. Results suggest that oral baclofen may be effective in many patients with spasticity, regardless of the underlying disease or severity, and that it is at least comparable with other antispasmodic agents.

Changes in body composition after spasticity treatment with intrathecal baclofen.

Objective: To assess changes in body composition, body weight and resting metabolic rate in patients who received intrathecal baclofen therapy for spasticity.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal, quasi-experimental, with a pre/post design.

Patients: Twelve patients with spasticity, fulfilling study criteria, and due for pump implantation for intrathecal baclofen therapy, completed the study.

Optimizing the Management of Disabling Spasticity Following Spinal Cord Damage: The Ability Network-An International Initiative.

Optimizing the treatment of disabling spasticity in persons with spinal cord damage is hampered by a lack of consensus regarding the use of acceptable definitions of spasticity and disabling spasticity, and the relative absence of decision tools such as clinical guidelines and concise algorithms to support decision-making within the broader clinical community. Many people with spinal cord damage are managed outside specialist centers, and variations in practice result in unequal access to best practice despite equal need. In order to address these issues, the Ability Network-an international panel of clinical experts-was initiated to develop management algorithms to guide and standardize the assessment, treatment, and evaluation of outcomes of persons with spinal cord damage and disabling spasticity.

OnabotulinumtoxinA Improves Pain in Patients With Post-Stroke Spasticity: Findings From a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Context: Patients with post-stroke spasticity (PSS) commonly experience pain in affected limbs, which may impact quality of life.

Objectives: To assess onabotulinumtoxinA for pain in patients with PSS from the BOTOX(®) Economic Spasticity Trial, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Methods: Patients with PSS (N = 273) were randomized to 22- to 34-week double-blind treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA + standard care (SC) or placebo injection + SC and were eligible to receive open-label onabotulinumtoxinA up to 52 weeks.

A new way of assessing arm function in activity using kinematic Exposure Variation Analysis and portable inertial sensors--A validity study.

Portable motion systems based on inertial motion sensors are promising methods, with the advantage compared to optoelectronic cameras of not being confined to a laboratory setting. A challenge is to develop relevant outcome measures for clinical use. The aim of this study was to characterize elbow and shoulder motion during functional tasks, using portable motion sensors and a modified Exposure Variation Analysis (EVA) and evaluate system accuracy with optoelectronic cameras.

Functional goal achievement in post-stroke spasticity patients: the BOTOX® Economic Spasticity Trial (BEST).

Objective: Evaluate changes in active and passive function with onabotulinumtoxinA + standard of care within goal-oriented rehabilitation programmes in adults with focal post-stroke spasticity.

Methods: Prospective, 24-week double-blind study with an open-label extension. Subjects were randomized to onabotulinumtoxinA + standard of care or placebo + standard of care, at baseline and at 12 weeks, if judged appropriate, with follow-up to 52 weeks.

Rationale and design of a multicentre, double-blind, prospective, randomized, European and Canadian study: evaluating patient outcomes and costs of managing adults with post-stroke focal spasticity.

Objective: This report describes the design of a study aiming to provide evidence for the extended use of botulinum toxin A in focal post-stroke upper and lower limb spasticity and to evaluate the impact of incorporating botulinum toxin treatment into the rehabilitation of patients with spasticity.

Design: International, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with an open-label extension.

Methods: Approximately 300 adults with a stroke occurring ≥ 3 months before screening, presenting with symptoms and signs of an upper motor neuron syndrome and focal spasticity-related functional impairment, were randomized to botulinum toxin (BOTOX®, Allergan Inc.

Practical considerations for goal attainment scaling during rehabilitation following acquired brain injury.

Goal attainment scaling represents a unique approach to identifying and quantifying individualized, meaningful treatment outcomes, and its use in the rehabilitation medicine setting is increasing. The aim of this paper is to discuss the available literature for goal attainment scaling in patients with acquired brain injury, in terms of its advantages, disadvantages and practical application, including examples of goal setting and scaling.

Bacteriuria in spinal cord injured patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

The occurrence of bacteriuria in spinal cord injured patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction who used clean intermittent catheterisation to empty their bladders was studied in order to examine cut-off concentration breakpoints for significant bacteriuria in this group of patients using procedures of the European Urinanalysis Guideline. 344 samples were cultured, yielding 285 isolates. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (27%), Enterococci (25%), Klebsiella spp (19%), and Escherichia coli (12%) were the most common findings.

Pain in a Swedish spinal cord injury population.

Objective: To describe pain and associated variables in a prevalence group of persons with a sustained spinal cord injury (SCI) in the Swedish capital and its surroundings.

Setting: Spinalis SCI Unit (outpatient clinic), Stockholm, Sweden.

Design: Assessment over a 12-month period in a yearly health control.