Food Insecurity Modifies the Association Between the Gut Microbiome and the Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Adults.

Background: Recent studies have shown associations between relative abundances of specific gut microbes and cognitive function; however, few studies have explored the potential interplay between the gut microbiome and food insecurity in association with the risk of cognitive impairment (RCI). This study investigated the role of food insecurity as an effect modifier between the gut microbiome, including groups of gut microbes (microbial cliques), and RCI.

Methods: Data came from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin and its ancillary Wisconsin Microbiome Study.

Corrigendum: The effect of low-abundance OTU filtering methods on the reliability and variability of microbial composition assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.

Objectively measured daytime sleepiness predicts weight change among adults: Findings from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

Objective: Body mass index (BMI) trajectories are associated with night-time sleep, but it is not clear how they relate to daytime sleepiness in population data. This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between levels and changes in daytime sleepiness and BMI trajectories among men and women.

Methods: We estimated growth curve models among 827 participants in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (mean [sd] age = 55.

Prevalence and Course of Idiopathic Hypersomnia in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a CNS disorder of hypersomnolence of unknown etiology. Due to the requirement for objective sleep testing to diagnose the disorder, there are currently no population-based estimates of the prevalence of IH nor data regarding the longitudinal course of IH in naturalistic settings.

Methods: Subjective and objective data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study were used to identify cases with probable IH from participants with polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test data.

Associations of gut microbiome richness and diversity with objective and subjective sleep measures in a population sample.

Study Objectives: Alterations in gut microbiota composition have been associated with several conditions, and there is emerging evidence that sleep quantity and quality are associated with the composition of the gut microbiome. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the associations between several measures of sleep and the gut microbiome in a large, population-based sample.

Methods: Data were collected from participants in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin from 2016 to 2017 (N = 720).

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuates the Deleterious Effects of Sleep Apnea on Cerebral Structure and Perfusion in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that age-related changes in cerebral health may be sensitive to vascular risk modifiers, such as physical activity and sleep.

Objective: We examine whether cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity with MRI-assessed measures of cerebral structure and perfusion.

Methods: Using data from a cross-sectional sample of participants (n = 129, 51% female, age range 49.

Sense of community and mental health: a cross-sectional analysis from a household survey in Wisconsin.

Background: In the USA, one in five adults live with a mental illness, and researchers have estimated that nearly half of the population will have a mental illness over the course of their lifetime. Research has shown significant associations between social relationships and mental health outcomes at the individual and population levels. This study aims to examine whether sense of community, a type of social capital, is associated with mental health.

Psychological distress and well-being among sensory impaired individuals during COVID-19 lockdown measures.

Purpose: Hearing and vision impairment are prevalent chronic conditions associated with poorer mental health. Limitations of in-person contacts during COVID-19-related lockdown measures may affect those with sensory impairments more severely exacerbating mental health problems. We aimed to determine whether hearing and/or visual impairment were associated with more psychological distress during a time of lockdown measures in Spring/Summer 2020 in Wisconsin.

Metabolic health disparities driven by financial stress: Behavioural adaptation or modification?

Financial stress has been linked to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, yet, it remains unclear whether suboptimal sleep duration and physical inactivity are the adaptive responses to financial stress or effect modifiers in the association between financial stress and metabolic syndrome. Hence, this study aims to examine whether physical activity and sleep duration mediate or moderate the bivariate association between financial stress and metabolic syndrome. A prospective secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (N = 445, mean [SD] age = 64 [7] years).

Individual Nutrition Is Associated with Altered Gut Microbiome Composition for Adults with Food Insecurity.

Diet is widely recognized as a key contributor to human gut microbiome composition and function. However, overall nutrition can be difficult to compare across a population with varying diets. Moreover, the role of food security in the relationship with overall nutrition and the gut microbiome is unclear.

Age estimation from sleep studies using deep learning predicts life expectancy.

Sleep disturbances increase with age and are predictors of mortality. Here, we present deep neural networks that estimate age and mortality risk through polysomnograms (PSGs). Aging was modeled using 2500 PSGs and tested in 10,699 PSGs from men and women in seven different cohorts aged between 20 and 90.

Association between stressful life events and non-optimal lipid levels among women with hyperlipidaemia.

Aims: Psychological stress has been linked to lipid dysregulation with noticeable gender differences, but it remains unclear whether women are more susceptible to non-optimal lipid levels than men, when experiencing stressful life events. This study aims to examine the association between stressful life events and non-optimal lipid levels among persons with hyperlipidaemia and whether the association differs between men and women.

Methods And Results: A nested case-control study was performed using data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC) Study from 2011 to 2015, including 224 participants with hyperlipidaemia and without a history of myocardial infarction or heart failure.

The genetic etiology of periodic limb movement in sleep.

Study Objectives: Periodic limb movement in sleep is a common sleep phenotype characterized by repetitive leg movements that occur during or before sleep. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) using a joint analysis (i.e.

Assessing the impact of storage time on the stability of stool microbiota richness, diversity, and composition.

Background: New technologies like next-generation sequencing have led to a proliferation of studies investigating the role of the gut microbiome in human health, particularly population-based studies that rely upon participant self-collection of samples. However, the impact of methodological differences in sample shipping, storage, and processing are not well-characterized for these types of studies, especially when transit times may exceed 24 h. The aim of this study was to experimentally assess microbiota stability in stool samples stored at 4 °C for durations of 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h with no additives to better understand effects of variable shipping times in population-based studies.

Urinary lead level and colonization by antibiotic resistant bacteria: Evidence from a population-based study.

Background: Infection by antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) is a global health crisis and asymptomatic colonization increases risk of infection. Nonhuman studies have linked heavy metal exposure to the selection of ARB; however, few epidemiologic studies have examined this relationship. This study analyzes the association between urinary lead level and colonization by ARB in a nonclinical human population.

Habitual sleep, sleep duration differential, and weight change among adults: Findings from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

Objectives: Assess longitudinal associations between diary-measured sleep duration and clinically assessed body mass index (BMI).

Design: Multilevel growth curve analyses examined how within-person changes and between-person differences in habitual sleep duration were associated with BMI trajectories.

Setting: Sleep diaries across 2-6 consecutive weekday and weekend nights at each data collection point, repeatedly collected at approximate 4-year intervals, for an average of 9.

Associations of school night sleep duration and circadian preference with middle school-aged student attendance, tardiness, and suspension.

Objectives: Research has associated both school night sleep duration (SNSD) and circadian preference (CP) with middle school-aged students' attendance and tardiness, but the interaction between these characteristics remains unexplored within this context, along with the impact of SNSD and CP on school suspension likelihood. Thus, this study investigated associations between SNSD, CP, and their interaction with middle school-aged student attendance, tardiness, and suspension, while accounting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Participants: About 4175 students from 12 middle schools in the Madison, Wisconsin, Metropolitan School District.

Genetic risk for subjective reports of insomnia associates only weakly with polygraphic measures of insomnia in 2,770 adults.

Study Objectives: Subjective insomnia complaints and objective sleep changes are mostly studied outside of clinical trial studies. In this study, we tested whether 240 genetic variants associated with subjectively reported insomnia were also associated with objective insomnia parameters extracted from polysomnographic recordings in three studies.

Methods: The study sample (total n = 2,770) was composed of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (n = 1,091) and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (n = 1,026) study, two population-based studies, and the Stanford Sleep Cohort, a sleep center patient-based sample (n = 653).

Polysomnographic indicators of restorative sleep and body mass trajectories in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study.

Study Objectives: Previous research suggests that reductions in restorative, slow-wave (N3), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are associated with weight gain and obesity in mid-to-late life. We extend prior work by examining how within-person (WP) changes and between-person (BP) differences in restorative sleep over several years are associated with body mass trajectories among participants in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (WSCS).

Methods: We used data from 4,862 polysomnographic (PSG) sleep studies and physical exams collected from 1,187 WSCS participants over an average duration of 14.