IGF-1 induces sex-specific oxidative damage and mortality in a songbird.

The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates essential life-history traits and is known for its major contribution to determining individual ageing processes. High levels of IGF-1 have been linked to increased mortality and are hypothesised to cause oxidative stress. This effect has been observed in laboratory animals, but whether it pertains to wild vertebrates has not been tested.

Songbirds avoid the oxidative stress costs of high blood glucose levels: a comparative study.

Chronically high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) can compromise healthy ageing and lifespan at the individual level. Elevated oxidative stress can play a central role in hyperglycaemia-induced pathologies. Nevertheless, the lifespan of birds shows no species-level association with blood glucose.

Driving factors of energy related CO emissions at a regional level in the residential sector of Iran.

Iran has increased its CO emissions significantly during the past few decades. The household sector in Iran contributes one of the largest sectors of CO emissions. Despite this significant contribution, the existing policies have predominantly concentrated on large-scale initiatives while overlooking the regional role in shaping and implementing these plans.

Oxidative physiology is weakly associated with pigmentation in birds.

The mechanistic link between avian oxidative physiology and plumage coloration has attracted considerable attention in past decades. Hence, multiple proximal hypotheses were proposed to explain how oxidative state might covary with the production of melanin and carotenoid pigments. Some hypotheses underscore that these pigments (or their precursors, e.

A new perspective on the evolution and diversity of the genus (family ) through genetic characterization, structural homology modeling, and phylogenetics.

Amdoparvoviruses (genus , family ) are primarily viruses of carnivorans, but recent studies have indicated that their host range might also extend to rodents and chiropterans. While their classification is based on the full sequence of the major nonstructural protein (NS1), several studies investigating amdoparvoviral diversity have been focused on partial sequences, leading to difficulties in accurately determining species demarcations and leaving several viruses unclassified. In this study, while reporting the complete genomic sequence of a novel amdoparvovirus identified in an American mink (British Columbia amdoparvovirus, BCAV), we studied the phylogenetic relationships of all amdoparvovirus-related sequences and provide a comprehensive reevaluation of their diversity and evolution.

Sexual dimorphism in immune function and oxidative physiology across birds: The role of sexual selection.

Sex-specific physiology is commonly reported in animals, often indicating lower immune indices and higher oxidative stress in males than in females. Sexual selection is argued to explain these differences, but empirical evidence is limited. Here, we explore sex differences in immunity, oxidative physiology and packed cell volume of wild, adult, breeding birds (97 species, 1997 individuals, 14 230 physiological measurements).

Social groups with diverse personalities mitigate physiological stress in a songbird.

Social groups often consist of diverse phenotypes, including personality types, and this diversity is known to affect the functioning of the group as a whole. Social selection theory proposes that group composition (i.e.

The Relationship between Hormones, Glucose, and Oxidative Damage Is Condition and Stress Dependent in a Free-Living Passerine Bird.

AbstractPhysiological state is an emergent property of the interactions among physiological systems within an intricate network. Understanding the connections within this network is one of the goals in physiological ecology. Here, we studied the relationship between body condition, two neuroendocrine hormones (corticosterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) as physiological regulators, and two physiological systems related to resource metabolism (glucose) and oxidative balance (malondialdehyde).

Molecular biology and structure of a novel penaeid shrimp densovirus elucidate convergent parvoviral host capsid evolution.

The giant tiger prawn () is a decapod crustacean widely reared for human consumption. Currently, viruses of two distinct lineages of parvoviruses (PVs, family ; subfamily ) infect penaeid shrimp. Here, a PV was isolated and cloned from Vietnamese specimens, designated metallodensovirus (PmMDV).

Reorganizing the family Parvoviridae: a revised taxonomy independent of the canonical approach based on host association.

Parvoviridae, a diverse family of small single-stranded DNA viruses was established in 1975. It was divided into two subfamilies, Parvovirinae and Densovirinae, in 1993 to accommodate parvoviruses that infect vertebrate and invertebrate animals, respectively. This relatively straightforward segregation, using host association as the prime criterion for subfamily-level classification, has recently been challenged by the discovery of divergent, vertebrate-infecting parvoviruses, dubbed "chapparvoviruses", which have proven to be more closely related to viruses in certain Densovirinae genera than to members of the Parvovirinae.

The complete genome sequence of bearded dragon adenovirus 1 harbors three genes encoding proteins of the C-type lectin-like domain superfamily.

Bearded dragon adenovirus 1 (BDAdV-1), also known as agamid adenovirus 1, has been described worldwide as a prevalent infectious agent of the inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), the most common squamate exotic pet reptile. Previous limited sequence data of the adenoviral DNA polymerase and hexon genes indicated that BDAdV-1 is a member of genus Atadenovirus family Adenoviridae. Atadenoviruses infect ruminants, marsupials, testudine reptiles and birds, yet the genus has been shown to be of squamate reptile origin.

An Ancient Lineage of Highly Divergent Parvoviruses Infects both Vertebrate and Invertebrate Hosts.

Chapparvoviruses (ChPVs) comprise a divergent, recently identified group of parvoviruses (family ), associated with nephropathy in immunocompromised laboratory mice and with prevalence in deep sequencing results of livestock showing diarrhea. Here, we investigate the biological and evolutionary characteristics of ChPVs via comparative in silico analyses, incorporating sequences derived from endogenous parvoviral elements (EPVs) as well as exogenous parvoviruses. We show that ChPVs are an ancient lineage within the , clustering separately from members of both currently established subfamilies.

.

Parvoviruses, infecting vertebrates and invertebrates, are a family of single-stranded DNA viruses with small, non-enveloped capsids with T = 1 icosahedral symmetry. A quarter of a century after the first parvovirus capsid structure was published, approximately 100 additional structures have been analyzed. This first structure was that of Canine Parvovirus, and it initiated the practice of structure-to-function correlation for the family.

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Parvoviridae.

Members of the family Parvoviridae are small, resilient, non-enveloped viruses with linear, single-stranded DNA genomes of 4-6 kb. Viruses in two subfamilies, the Parvovirinae and Densovirinae, are distinguished primarily by their respective ability to infect vertebrates (including humans) versus invertebrates. Being genetically limited, most parvoviruses require actively dividing host cells and are host and/or tissue specific.

Longevity and life history coevolve with oxidative stress in birds.

1. The mechanisms that underpin the evolution of ageing and life histories remain elusive. Oxidative stress, which results in accumulated cellular damages, is one of the mechanisms suggested to play a role.

Endogenous amdoparvovirus-related elements reveal insights into the biology and evolution of vertebrate parvoviruses.

Amdoparvoviruses (family genus ) infect carnivores, and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in farmed animals. In this study, we systematically screened animal genomes to identify endogenous parvoviral elements (EPVs) disclosing a high degree of similarity to amdoparvoviruses, and investigated their genomic, phylogenetic and protein structural features. We report the first examples of full-length, amdoparvovirus-derived EPVs in the genome of the Transcaucasian mole vole ().

Reprint of: Diversity of small, single-stranded DNA viruses of invertebrates and their chaotic evolutionary past.

A wide spectrum of invertebrates is susceptible to various single-stranded DNA viruses. Their relative simplicity of replication and dependence on actively dividing cells makes them highly pathogenic for many invertebrates (Hexapoda, Decapoda, etc.).

A novel cetacean adenovirus in stranded harbour porpoises from the North Sea: detection and molecular characterization.

Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are the most prevalent cetaceans in the North Sea. The fecal viral flora of 21 harbour porpoises stranded along the Dutch coastline was analyzed by a metagenomics approach. Sequences of a novel cetacean mastadenovirus, designated harbour porpoise adenovirus 1 (HpAdV-1), were detected.

Diversity of small, single-stranded DNA viruses of invertebrates and their chaotic evolutionary past.

A wide spectrum of invertebrates is susceptible to various single-stranded DNA viruses. Their relative simplicity of replication and dependence on actively dividing cells makes them highly pathogenic for many invertebrates (Hexapoda, Decapoda, etc.).