[Antibiotic prophylaxis with enoxacin in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy].

According to literature, 16 to 35% of operatively removed renal stones harbour bacteria. The efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis with enoxacin in reducing the rate of bacteriuria after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was investigated in a prospective randomized study. Twenty-five patients received a single 400 mg dose of enoxacin one hour before ESWL, 25 patients did not receive an antibiotic.

Functional and histological restitution in the urinary tract after Nd:YAG laser coagulation.

Current development in endourologic equipment has made possible the endoscopic application of the Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of urothelial tumors of the whole urinary tract. The clinical results are rather promising. We controlled with various methods the healing processes of 14 rabbit ureters after Nd:YAG laser treatment as to morphological repair and physiological function.

The pulsed dye laser versus the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in laser-induced shock-wave lithotripsy.

To date, there are two fairly well-established alternatives for laser-induced shock-wave lithotripsy in clinical practice. The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is distinguished by the high-stone selectivity of its coupler systems. The necessity of a coupler system and its fairly small conversion rate of light energy into mechanical energy present serious drawbacks.

Regulated high frequency diathermy for bipolar electrocoagulation--a new method for the treatment of carcinoma of the bladder.

In the endoscopic treatment of bladder cancer, especially for stages beyond T2, transurethral resection does not seem to be sufficient. The risk of bladder wall perforation, the possibility of incomplete resection, seeding of tumor cells and high recurrence rates support the former statement [6]. Results of a multicentre prospective randomised study have exemplified that irradiation with the Neodymium-YAG Laser has been a reasonable alternative in the therapeutic approach to bladder cancer [2].

Dosimetry of the neodymium-YAG laser in urological applications.

Animal experiments were carried out to optimize laser parameters for the treatment of superficial bladder tumors. The most important parameter affecting laser therapy is temperature. During intravesical irradiation of rabbit bladders, spatial and temporal temperature profiles on the bladder serosa were displayed.

Transurethral laser coagulation for treatment of urinary bladder tumors.

Owing to the biophysical properties involved, the Nd:YAG laser is most suited for coagulation of even inhomogeneous tissue. We determined the optimal laser parameters for therapy of urinary bladder tumors. Deep homogeneous necroses can be obtained without perforation risk of the bladder wall, and the procedure does not cause dangerous damage to the intestinal loops.

Controlled bipolar high-frequency coagulation for transurethral application: a new method for the destruction of urinary bladder tumors.

The coagulation of small bladder papillomas or of the resection base after transurethral resection by unipolar high-frequency current has turned out not to be sufficiently radical so far. There is no definite and reproducible correlation between the achieved biological effect. Bipolar high-frequency current produces the desired necrosis in the deeper layers of tissue.

Various effects of the CO2-, the neodymium-YAG-, and the argon-laser irradiation on bladder tissue.

Application of lasers as cutting or coagulation instruments is based on the conversion of light energy into heat in the irradiated tissue. The extent and degree of the thermal action depends on the beam geometry and the energy of the incident light, as well as on the optic and thermal properties of this tissue. The extinction behavior in the tissue differs for the various laser systems employed in medicine.

[Dosimetry of the neodymium-YAG laser endovesical irradiation of bladder tumors. Animal experiments (author's transl)].

Therapy of urinary bladder tumors with the aid of the Neodymium-YAG-laser is improved by two following demands. A homogeneous, deep necrosis must be obtained for the tumor cells to be devitalised completely, and neighbouring organs must be protected adequately. Both depth and shape of the necrosis were determined on liver tissue at different conditions, e.

[Improvement in transcutaneous needle biopsy technics].

Transcutaneous fine needle biopsy of retroperitoneal lymph nodes after lymphography minor is connected with only discomfort for the patient. It is used for clarification of a possible infestation of metastases by malignant growth, the lymphatic drainage of which is situated retroperitoneally. A new instrument for puncture is presented, the use of which permits increase in accuracy of impact and reduction of radiation exposure for both patient and examiner.

[Lymphatic metastasis in prostatic carcinoma. Diagnostic value of staging and transcutaneous needle biopsy].

Methods of diagnosis in metastatic disease of patients with prostatic cancer are reported. There is a high rate of inaccuracy in lymphography. In 23 patients the technique of transperitoneal fine needle aspiration biopsy of retroperitoneal lymph nodes after lymphography was used.

[A-scsan sonography for the measurement of the thickness of the bladder wall].

The A-mode ultrasonography is especially qualified for measuring tissue thickness. By using high frequencies (8--10 MHz) upper layers can be measured with an accuracy of approximately 0.15 mm.