Reading and phonological skills in boys with fragile X syndrome.

Although reading skills are critical for the success of individuals with intellectual disabilities, literacy has received little attention in fragile X syndrome (FXS). This study examined the literacy profile of FXS. Boys with FXS (n = 51; mean age 10.

Memory skills of boys with fragile X syndrome.

Multiple aspects of memory were examined in 42 boys with fragile X syndrome and a comparison group of 42 typically developing boys matched on MA. Working memory, incidental memory, and deliberate memory were assessed with a battery that included both free-recall and recognition tasks. Findings indicated that boys with fragile X syndrome performed more poorly than their matches on most measures.

Trajectories and predictors of the development of very young boys with fragile X syndrome.

Objective: To describe the development of young boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS).

Methods: Fifty-five boys (aged 8-48 months at study entry) with the full mutation FXS received multiple developmental assessments.

Results: As expected, the boys' rate of development was significantly lower than chronological age expectations.

Developmental trajectories and correlates of sensory processing in young boys with fragile X syndrome.

Background And Purpose: No longitudinal study on sensory processing in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) exists. This study examined developmental trajectories and correlates of sensory processing from infancy through preschool years in 13 boys with FXS.

Method: Participants were assessed using observational and parent-report measures 2-6 times between 9 and 54 months of age.

Executive functions in young males with fragile X syndrome in comparison to mental age-matched controls: baseline findings from a longitudinal study.

The performance of 54 boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), ages 7 to 13 years, was compared to that of a group of typically developing boys who were matched on mental age (MA) and ethnicity across multiple measures of executive function (EF). Boys with FXS varied in their ability to complete EF measures, with only 25.9% being able to complete a set-shifting task and 94.

A comparison of oral structure and oral-motor function in young males with fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome.

This study compared the oral structure and oral-motor skills of 59 boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), 34 boys with Down syndrome (DS), and 36 developmentally similar typically developing (TD) boys. An adaptation of the J. Robbins and T.

Autistic behavior in children with fragile X syndrome: prevalence, stability, and the impact of FMRP.

We examined autistic behavior in a cross-sectional sample of 179 children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and a longitudinal subset of 116 children using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) to (a) determine a prevalence of autistic behavior in FXS, (b) examine the stability of autistic ratings over time, and (c) assess the association between the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and autistic behavior. Approximately 21% of the sample of 129 children (25.9% of boys) scored at or above the cutoff for autism.

Video analysis of sensory-motor features in infants with fragile X syndrome at 9-12 months of age.

This study utilized retrospective video analysis to distinguish sensory-motor patterns in infants with fragile X syndrome (FXS) (n = 11) from other infants [i.e., autism (n = 11), other developmental delay (n = 10), typical (n = 11)] at 9-12 months of age.

Mapping nonverbal IQ in young boys with fragile X syndrome.

This study examines the developmental changes in nonverbal intellectual functioning evident in males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) measured by the Leiter International Performance Scales-Revised (Leiter-R). The Leiter-R provides both IQ scores and associated growth scores which permit the examination of both age-based IQ scores and overall intellectual growth. Participants were 45 males with full mutation FXS and ranged in age from 4.

Developmental screening and detection of developmental delays in infants and toddlers with fragile X syndrome.

Three developmental screening tests (the Denver-II, Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test, and Early Language Milestone Scale-2) were administered to 18 infants and toddlers (13 boys and 5 girls) with confirmed diagnoses of fragile X syndrome as part of a comprehensive developmental assessment at 9, 12, and 18 months of age. The Denver-II identified delays for 10 of 11 boys at 9 months of age and the Denver-II and the Early Language Milestone Scale-2 identified delays in 100% of the boys at 12 and 18 months. The Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test identified delays in 75% of the children at 12 and 18 months.

Adaptive behavior in children with fragile X syndrome.

Adaptive behavior over time in 70 children with fragile X syndrome, ages 1 to 12 years, was examined using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. With a mean of 4.4 assessments per child, adaptive behavior skills increased steadily and gradually over time.

Early Intervention Practices and Communication Intervention Strategies for Young Males With Fragile X Syndrome.

Purpose: This study describes speech-language pathologists' impressions of the communication difficulties of young males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and the need for both syndrome-specific and individualized interventions. The findings of a regional study that identified speech-language pathologists' impressions of the speech, language, and behavioral difficulties experienced by males with FXS and an array of interventions used by speech-language pathologists to improve communication skills for these children are reported.

Methods: Fifty-one speech-language pathologists providing intervention for males with FXS ranging in age from 2 to 9 years (mean age=6;3 [years;months]) were interviewed.