The effects of isolated game elements on adherence rates in food response inhibition training.

Food response inhibition training (food-RIT) is found to aid weight loss and reduce snacking of foods high in sugar, salt and fat. However, these interventions suffer from a lack of adherence, with gamification proposed as a solution to increase engagement. The effect of gamification is unclear, however, with a lack of research investigating the effects of single game elements in improving adherence to interventions.

Towards higher frequencies in a compact prebunched waveguide THz-FEL.

Free-electron-lasers fill a critical gap in the space of THz-sources as they can reach high average and peak powers with spectral tunability. Using a waveguide in a THz FEL significantly increases the coupling between the relativistic electrons and electromagnetic field enabling large amounts of radiation to be generated in a single passage of electrons through the undulator. In addition to transversely confining the radiation, the dispersive properties of the waveguide critically affect the velocity and slippage of the radiation pulse which determine the central frequency and bandwidth of the generated radiation.

Nine months of daily LiDAR, orthophotos and MetOcean data from the eroding soft cliff coast at Happisburgh, UK.

The dynamic interaction between cliff, beach and shore-platform is key to assessing the sediment balance for coastal erosion risk assessments, but this is poorly understood. We present a dataset containing daily, 3D,colour LiDAR scans of a 450 m coastal section at Happisburgh, Norfolk, UK. This previously para-glaciated region comprises mixed sand-gravel sediments, which are less well-understood and well-studied than sandy beaches.

Enhanced dynamic covalent chemistry for the controlled release of small molecules and biologics from a nanofibrous peptide hydrogel platform.

Maintaining safe and potent pharmaceutical drug levels is often challenging. Multidomain peptides (MDPs) assemble into supramolecular hydrogels with a well-defined, highly porous nanostructure that makes them attractive for drug delivery, yet their ability to extend release is typically limited by rapid drug diffusion. To overcome this challenge, we developed self-assembling boronate ester release (SABER) MDPs capable of engaging in dynamic covalent bonding with payloads containing boronic acids (BAs).

Precise Fabrication and Manipulation of Individual Polymer Nanofibers.

Polymer nanofibers hold promise in a wide range of applications owing to their diverse properties, flexibility, and cost effectiveness. In this study, we introduce a polymer nanofiber drawing process in a scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam (SEM/FIB) instrument with observation. We employed a nanometer-sharp tungsten needle and prepolymer microcapsules to enable nanofiber drawing in a vacuum environment.

A registered report survey of open research practices in psychology departments in the UK and Ireland.

Open research practices seek to enhance the transparency and reproducibility of research. While there is evidence of increased uptake in these practices, such as study preregistration and open data, facilitated by new infrastructure and policies, little research has assessed general uptake of such practices across psychology university researchers. The current study estimates psychologists' level of engagement in open research practices across universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland, while also assessing possible explanatory factors that may impact their engagement.

Cytotoxic rhamnolipid micelles drive acute virulence in .

is an opportunistic human pathogen that has developed multi- or even pan-drug resistance toward most frontline and last resort antibiotics, leading to increasing frequency of infections and deaths among hospitalized patients, especially those with compromised immune systems. Further complicating treatment, produces numerous virulence factors that contribute to host tissue damage and immune evasion, promoting bacterial colonization and pathogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of rhamnolipid production in host-pathogen interactions.

A guide for social science journal editors on easing into open science.

Journal editors have a large amount of power to advance open science in their respective fields by incentivising and mandating open policies and practices at their journals. The Data PASS Journal Editors Discussion Interface (JEDI, an online community for social science journal editors: www.dpjedi.

Improved owner quality of life following surgical repair of canine myxomatous mitral valve disease.

Objective: To determine quality-of-life changes in owners of dogs undergoing mitral valve repair for myxomatous mitral valve disease, up to 12 months postoperatively.

Sample: Owners of 26 dogs undergoing mitral valve repair at a single UK veterinary referral hospital.

Methods: Dogs underwent mitral valve repair under cardiopulmonary bypass as previously described.

Cytotoxic rhamnolipid micelles drive acute virulence in .

is an opportunistic human pathogen that has developed multi- or even pan-drug resistance towards most frontline and last resort antibiotics, leading to increasing infections and deaths among hospitalized patients, especially those with compromised immune systems. Further complicating treatment, produces numerous virulence factors that contribute to host tissue damage and immune evasion, promoting bacterial colonization and pathogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of rhamnolipid production in host-pathogen interactions.

The Impact of Age and Psychosocial Factors on Cognitive and Auditory Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: In March 2020, the U.K. government announced that people should isolate to reduce the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19.

Relationships between the race implicit association test and other measures of implicit and explicit social cognition.

Background: The race-based Implicit Association Test (IAT) was proposed to measure individual differences in implicit racial bias subsumed within social cognition. In recent years, researchers have debated the theoretical tenets underpinning the IAT, questioning whether performance on this task: (1) measures implicit attitudes that operate automatically outside of conscious awareness; (2) reflects individual differences in social cognition; and (3) can predict social behavior. One way to better address these research questions is to assess whether the race-IAT correlates with other implicit processes that are subsumed within social cognition.

The replication crisis has led to positive structural, procedural, and community changes.

The emergence of large-scale replication projects yielding successful rates substantially lower than expected caused the behavioural, cognitive, and social sciences to experience a so-called 'replication crisis'. In this Perspective, we reframe this 'crisis' through the lens of a credibility revolution, focusing on positive structural, procedural and community-driven changes. Second, we outline a path to expand ongoing advances and improvements.

Brk/PTK6 and Involucrin Expression May Predict Breast Cancer Cell Responses to Vitamin D3.

The process of human embryonic mammary development gives rise to the structures in which mammary cells share a developmental lineage with skin epithelial cells such as keratinocytes. As some breast carcinomas have previously been shown to express high levels of involucrin, a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, we hypothesised that some breast tumours may de-differentiate to a keratinocyte-derived 'evolutionary history'. To confirm our hypothesis, we investigated the frequency of involucrin expression along with that of Brk, a tyrosine kinase expressed in up to 86% of breast carcinomas whose normal expression patterns are restricted to differentiating epithelial cells, most notably those in the skin (keratinocytes) and the gastrointestinal tract.

Social cognitive disruptions in multiple sclerosis: The role of executive (dys)function.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, resulting in a range of potential motor and cognitive impairments. The latter can affect both executive functions that orchestrate general goal-directed behavior and social cognitive processes that support our ability to interact with others and maintain healthy interpersonal relationships. Despite a long history of research into the cognitive symptoms of MS, it remains uncertain if social cognitive disruptions occur independently of, or reflect underlying disturbances to, more foundational executive functions.

Comprehension by Caregivers and Adolescents of Clinical Trial Information Delivered via Multimedia Video Versus Conventional Practice: Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Research participants often misunderstand the required elements of informed consent information, whether provided in written or oral format. Informed consent instruments with embedded evidence-based learning theory principles administered in multimedia electronic formats may improve comprehension and retention.

Objective: This study aims to determine whether study information comprehension and retention using an interactive multimedia video consent process was noninferior to comprehension and retention after an in-person face-to-face interaction with a conventional written consent document for caregivers and adolescents enrolled in a clinical trial.

Multi-scale time-resolved electron diffraction: A case study in moiré materials.

Ultrafast-optical-pump - structural-probe measurements, including ultrafast electron and x-ray scattering, provide direct experimental access to the fundamental timescales of atomic motion, and are thus foundational techniques for studying matter out of equilibrium. High-performance detectors are needed in scattering experiments to obtain maximum scientific value from every probe particle. We deploy a hybrid pixel array direct electron detector to perform ultrafast electron diffraction experiments on a WSe/MoSe 2D heterobilayer, resolving the weak features of diffuse scattering and moiré superlattice structure without saturating the zero order peak.

Teaching open and reproducible scholarship: a critical review of the evidence base for current pedagogical methods and their outcomes.

In recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness and reproducibility of research, characterized by increased interest and promotion of open and transparent research practices. While progress has been positive, there is a lack of consideration about how this approach can be embedded into undergraduate and postgraduate research training. Specifically, a critical overview of the literature which investigates how integrating open and reproducible science may influence is needed.

The labels and models used to describe problematic substance use impact discrete elements of stigma: A registered report.

Objectives: Problematic substance use is one of the most stigmatized health conditions leading research to examine how the labels and models used to describe it influence public stigma. Two recent studies examine whether beliefs in a disease model of addiction influence public stigma but result in equivocal findings-in line with the mixed-blessings model, Kelly et al. (2021) found that while the label "chronically relapsing brain disease" reduced blame attribution, it decreased prognostic optimism and increased perceived danger and need for continued care; however, Rundle et al.

Careless responding in online studies is associated with alcohol use: A mega-analysis.

Objective: The prevalence of research conducted online in the addiction field has increased rapidly over the past decade. However, little focus has been given to careless responding in these online studies, despite the issues it may cause for statistical inference and generalizability. Our aim was to examine whether alcohol use is associated with careless responses.

A mixed-methods evaluation of unconscious racial bias training for NHS senior practitioners to improve the experiences of racially minoritised students.

Objective: The degree awarding gap indicates that racially minoritised higher education students receive lower degree classifications relative to their white peers. While the reasons for this are complex, research suggests that educator and practitioner attitudes and behaviour towards racially minoritised students are a significant contributing factor. This preregistered study evaluates the effectiveness of unconscious racial bias training (URBT) to enhance National Health Service senior practitioner's recognition of how racial inequalities negatively impact racially minoritised students.