Dynamic Testing of Materials for Galvanising Pot Roll Bearings with Improved Performance.

Galvanising pot roll bearings are subjected to severe deterioration due to the corrosion of the bearing materials in liquid Zn, resulting in maintenance stops that can cost thousands of pounds per hour in downtime. Dynamic wear testing in molten Zn-Al and Zn-Al-Mg was conducted to assess the corrosion and wear resistance of three material pairs using a bespoke testing rig. The materials investigated in this study were Wallex6 coated with WC-Co, stainless steel 316L coated with AlO, and as-received Wallex6 and Wallex4 alloys.

Does metacognitive training for psychosis (MCT) improve neurocognitive performance? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Metacognitive training for psychosis (MCT) offers benefits for addressing hallmark deficits/symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders including reductions in cognitive biases and positive/negative symptoms as well as improvements in social cognition and functioning. However, differing results exist regarding the relationship between MCT and neurocognition. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of this relationship would significantly contribute to the existing literature and our understanding of the potential added value of MCT as a cognitive intervention for psychosis.

A mixed-method analysis of the contribution of informal sport to public health in Australia.

Informal sport is a growth area of sport participation but there has been limited examination of how informal and unstructured forms of participation may contribute to health outcomes that are important for public health. This article aims to address the current lack of data examining the health outcomes associated with informal sport participation and consider the potential role of informal sport within efforts to promote healthier communities through sport. The article seeks to broaden understanding of how informal sport participation can contribute to health outcomes, particularly with regard to increasing physical activity and enhancing mental health and social connection.

A Network Analysis of Digital Clock Drawing for Command and Copy Conditions.

Graphomotor and time-based variables from the digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) characterize cognitive functions. However, no prior publications have quantified the strength of the associations between digital clock variables as they are produced. We hypothesized that analysis of the production of clock features and their interrelationships, as suggested, will differ between the command and copy test conditions.

Prevalence of body-focused repetitive behaviors in a diverse population sample - rates across age, gender, race and education.

Background: Prevalence estimates for body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) such as trichotillomania differ greatly across studies owing to several confounding factors (e.g. different criteria).

The Effect of Sliding Speed on the Tribological Properties of Ceramic Materials.

Ceramics are considered to be candidate materials for galvanising pot bearing materials due to their excellent corrosion resistance in many molten metals. Galvanising pot roll bearings must have excellent wear resistance, and, therefore, it is important to understand the wear behaviour of prospective bearing materials. This study investigates the friction- and wear-resistant properties of select ceramics, namely, pure hBN, BN M26, AlN-BN, Macor, 3YSZ, AlO and SiN.

Supporting adolescents' participation in muscle-strengthening physical activity: protocol for the 'Resistance Training for Teens' (RT4T) hybrid type III implementation-effectiveness trial.

Introduction: In Australia, only 22% of male and 8% of female adolescents meet the muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines, and few school-based interventions support participation in resistance training (RT). After promising findings from our effectiveness trial, we conducted a state-wide dissemination of the '' (RT4T) intervention from 2015 to 2020. Despite high estimated reach, we found considerable variability in programme delivery and teachers reported numerous barriers to implementation.

Same but different? Phenomenological differences among various types of body-focused repetitive behaviors.

Background: Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are highly prevalent conditions at the border of psychiatry and dermatology. Using a newly developed scale, the Generic BFRB scale (GBS-36), we aimed to compare 4 prominent BFRBs in terms of phenomenology, age at onset, and other illness-related aspects.

Methods: A sample of 391 individuals with different forms of BFRBs completed the GBS-36, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF global item (quality of life).

Effects of metacognitive training (MCT) on social cognition for schizophrenia spectrum and related psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and related psychotic disorders (SSD) experience significant impairments in social cognition that impede functioning. Social cognition is a multidimensional construct consisting of four domains: 1. theory of mind, 2.

The relationship between negative symptoms and MATRICS neurocognitive domains: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: Negative symptoms (NS) are a core symptom domain in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and are associated with poorer social and vocational functioning, and with increased likelihood and durations of hospital admission. NS are not well understood, limiting available interventions. However, numerous studies have reported associations between neurocognitive domains and NS severity.

Self-Help Habit Replacement in Individuals With Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs; eg, skin picking) encompass a set of conditions at the interface of dermatology and psychiatry/psychology. The disorder is prevalent but currently underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Objective: To compare a new self-help intervention, habit replacement, against a wait-list control condition for the treatment of BFRBs.

Decoupling: adaptation of a treatment for body-focused repetitive behaviour to Tourette syndrome. A case report.

Aims: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological condition; its etiology is not yet fully understood. Cognitive behavioural therapy with habit reversal training is the recommended first-line treatment, but is not effective in all patients. This is the first report examining the usefulness of decoupling, a behavioural self-help treatment originally developed for patients with body-focused repetitive behaviours, in a patient with TS.

Adaptation of movement decoupling for compulsive joint cracking: A case report.

Compulsive joint cracking is a body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB), which often results in negative social feedback due to its characteristic sound. While behavioral techniques are recommended in BFRBs, no published studies or case reports exist specifically for compulsive joint cracking. The authors report the case of DZ, who engaged in severe joint cracking of his knuckles and, at times, his back.

Habit Reversal Training and Variants of Decoupling for Use in Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Behavioral interventions hold promise in improving body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), such as hair pulling and skin picking. The effect of combining different treatment techniques is currently unknown.

Methods: In the framework of a randomized controlled crossover trial, 334 individuals with at least one BFRB were allocated either to a waitlist control or to three experimental conditions (1:1:1:1).

Iraqi Muslim Women and Primary Healthcare Providers' Perspectives and Experiences in the Clinic Visit in the Western United States.

Immigrants to the U.S. are subject to healthcare disparities due to differences in language, culture, religion, and gender.

The Generic BFRB Scale-8 (GBS-8): a transdiagnostic scale to measure the severity of body-focused repetitive behaviours.

Background: Body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs) such as skin picking and hair pulling are frequent but under-diagnosed and under-treated psychological conditions. As of now, most studies use symptom-specific BFRB scales. However, a transdiagnostic scale is needed in view of the high co-morbidity of different BFRBs.

Group therapy for schizophrenia: Why Burlingame et al. (2020) should redo their meta-analysis.

Comments on the meta-analysis by G. M. Burlingame et al.

Severe childhood trauma and emotion recognition in males and females with first-episode psychosis.

Aim: Childhood trauma increases social functioning deficits in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and is negatively associated with higher-order social cognitive processes such as emotion recognition (ER). We investigated the relationship between childhood trauma severity and ER capacity, and explored sex as a potential factor given sex differences in childhood trauma exposure.

Methods: Eighty-three FEP participants (52 males, 31 females) and 69 nonclinical controls (49 males, 20 females) completed the CogState Research Battery.

Immediate and Sustained Outcomes and Moderators Associated With Metacognitive Training for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: A substantial increase in the number of trials examining metacognitive training (MCT) for psychosis necessitates an updated examination of the outcomes associated with MCT.

Objectives: To review the immediate and sustained associations of MCT with proximal (directly targeted) and distal (indirectly influenced) outcomes and assess treatment- and participant-related moderators to identify the potential factors associated with the expected heterogeneity of effect sizes.

Data Sources: Eleven electronic databases were searched from 2007 to June 3, 2021 (alert until September 10, 2021).

The magnitude of neurocognitive impairment is overestimated in depression: the role of motivation, debilitating momentary influences, and the overreliance on mean differences.

Background: Meta-analyses agree that depression is characterized by neurocognitive dysfunctions relative to nonclinical controls. These deficits allegedly stem from impairments in functionally corresponding brain areas. Increasingly, studies suggest that some performance deficits are in part caused by negative task-taking attitudes such as poor motivation or the presence of distracting symptoms.

DCTclock: Clinically-Interpretable and Automated Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Drawing Behavior for Capturing Cognition.

Developing tools for efficiently measuring cognitive change specifically and brain health generally-whether for clinical use or as endpoints in clinical trials-is a major challenge, particularly for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Technology such as connected devices and advances in artificial intelligence offer the possibility of creating and deploying clinical-grade tools with high sensitivity, rapidly, cheaply, and non-intrusively. Starting from a widely-used paper and pencil cognitive status test-The Clock Drawing Test-we combined a digital input device to capture time-stamped drawing coordinates with a machine learning analysis of drawing behavior to create DCTclock™, an automated analysis of nuances in cognitive performance beyond successful task completion.

Exploring the factor structure of the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 in psychotic disorders.

Objective: The PTSD Checklist for DSM (PCL) is the most widely used screener to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in those with psychotic disorders (psychosis), though previous research has questioned its validity in psychosis. Considerable symptom overlap between the 2 disorders (e.g.