Case Study Analysis of a Decision Coaching Intervention for Young Adults with Early Psychosis.

Young adults with early psychosis often disengage from essential early intervention services (i.e., Coordinated Specialty Care or CSC in the United States).

Noisy Robots? Comparison of Occupational Noise Levels Between Robotic-Assisted and Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Noise exposure during surgery is a known occupational hazard, impacting staff hearing and surgical outcomes. Despite guidelines such as the Australian Work Health and Safety Act, noise safety remains largely neglected in orthopaedic surgery. Anecdotally, the introduction of robotic-assisted arthroplasty has contributed to increased noise production.

Receipt of guideline-concordant care and survival among young adult women with non-metastatic breast cancer.

Purpose: Adolescent and young adults (AYA) with breast cancer, compared to older adults, are diagnosed with more aggressive cancers, at more advanced stages and may undergo more aggressive treatment but have worse survival. Despite this, no research has studied the effects of the receipt of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) defined guideline-concordant care (GCC) for breast cancer on AYA survival. We examined the association of GCC with survival among young adult (20-39 years old) breast cancer survivors.

Engagement in a virtual group-based walking intervention for persons with schizophrenia: a qualitative study.

Background: Exercise is beneficial for persons with schizophrenia; however, high dropout rates limit the impact of interventions. Virtual exercise programs have the potential to improve engagement; however, few intervention studies of virtual programs have been conducted in this population.

Methods: This study examined qualitative data from 15 adults with schizophrenia who participated in a pilot randomized controlled trial of Virtual PACE-Life, a live, video-delivered group walking intervention guided by self-determination theory.

Inappropriate trusting behaviour in dementia.

Background: Inappropriate trusting behaviour may have significant social, financial and other consequences for people living with dementia. However, its clinical associations and predictors have not been clarified. Here we addressed this issue in canonical syndromes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Fine-scale genetic structure and phenotypic divergence of a passerine bird population inhabiting a continuous Mediterranean woodland.

Genetic differentiation between populations inhabiting ecologically different habitats might appear because of limited dispersal and gene flow, which may lead to patterns of phenotypic divergence and local adaptation. In this study, we use dispersal, genotypic (24 microsatellite loci) and phenotypic (body size and clutch size) data to analyse patterns of genetic structuring and phenotypic divergence in a blue tit () population inhabiting a continuous and heterogeneous woodland along a valley. The two slopes of the valley differ in their forest formations and environmental conditions.

The effect of the alliance on social recovery outcomes and usage in a moderated online social therapy for first-episode psychosis.

Objectives: We investigated the effect of the therapeutic alliance on both change in social recovery outcomes and usage of a moderated online social therapy platform for first-episode psychosis (FEP), Horyzons.

Design: Secondary analysis of a single group pilot trial.

Methods: Clients completed an alliance measure adapted for guided digital interventions at mid-treatment.

The effect of intranasal oxytocin on neurocognition in people with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial.

Schizophrenia is characterized by persistent cognitive deficits that significantly impact functional outcomes. Despite the current available treatments, these deficits remain inadequately addressed, highlighting the need to explore the effect of more novel treatments on cognition. The current study examined the effect of intranasal oxytocin on cognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia by utilizing data from a 12-week, randomized controlled trial.

Attraction of female house mice to male ultrasonic courtship vocalizations depends on their social experience and estrous stage.

Male house mice (Mus musculus) produce complex ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), especially during courtship and mating. Playback experiments suggest that female attraction towards recordings of male USVs depends on their social experience, paternal exposure, and estrous stage. We conducted a playback experiment with wild-derived female house mice (M.

Life engagement in people living with schizophrenia: predictors and correlates of patient life engagement in a large sample of people living in the community.

Background: Life engagement represents a holistic concept that encompasses outcomes reflecting life-fulfilment, well-being and participation in valued and meaningful activities, which is recently gaining attention and scientific interest. Despite its conceptual importance and its relevance, life engagement represents a largely unexplored domain in schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to independently assess correlates and predictors of patient life engagement in a large and well-characterized sample of schizophrenia patients.

Reading the mind in the eyes and cognitive ability in schizophrenia- and autism spectrum disorders.

Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by difficulties in theory of mind (ToM). We examined group differences in performance on a ToM-related test and associations with an estimated IQ.

Methods: Participants [ = 1227, SZ ( = 563), ASD ( = 159), and controls ( = 505), 32.

Delayed Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis Following Cervical Spine Trauma.

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is a potentially life-threatening condition, depending on the position in which the vocal cords are paralyzed. When the vocal cords are fixed in adduction, patients develop respiratory distress, inspiratory stridor, aspiration, and minimal phonation deficits. This condition can result from acute injuries to the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves, or from chronic bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.

Implementation of AIRVO™ System for Postoperative Tracheostomy Care in Head and Neck Free Flaps.

Objective: Effective postoperative tracheostomy management after free flap surgery is critical but can offer challenges including difficulty with humidification delivery and contraindications toward neck instrumentation. The purpose of this project was to establish a multidisciplinary team and implement the AIRVO™ tracheostomy humidification system for those undergoing free flap surgery and determine its effect on respiratory secretions and related events.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of head and neck free flap surgery patients prior to implementation of AIRVO™ (Jan 2021-May 2021) and after (August 2021-December 2021) were analyzed with a 2 month (June 2021-July 2021) implementation phase.

The Cost-Effectiveness of a Novel Online Social Therapy to Maintain Treatment Effects From First-Episode Psychosis Services: Results From the Horyzons Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Digital interventions have potential applications in promoting long-term recovery and improving outcomes in first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Horyzons, a novel online social therapy to support young people aged 16-27 years following discharge from FEP services, compared with treatment as usual (TAU) from a healthcare sector and a societal perspective.

Study Design: A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), based on the change in social functioning, and a cost-utility analysis (CUA) using quality-adjusted life years were undertaken alongside a randomized controlled trial.

User experiences of an American-adapted moderated online social media platform for first-episode psychosis: Qualitative analysis.

Objectives: The current study sought to qualitatively characterize the experiences of American users in a recent open trial of the Horyzons digital platform.

Methods: In total, 20 users on Horyzons USA completed semistructured interviews 12 weeks after their orientation to the platform and addressed questions related to (1) the platform, (2) their online therapist, and (3) the peer workers and community space. A hybrid inductive-deductive coding strategy was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the data (NCT04673851).

Loneliness is associated with mentalizing and emotion recognition abilities in schizophrenia, but only in a cluster of patients with social cognitive deficits.

Objective: Loneliness is a concern for patients with schizophrenia. However, the correlates of loneliness in patients with schizophrenia are unclear; thus, the aim of the study is to investigate neuro- and social cognitive mechanisms associated with loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia.

Method: Data from clinical, neurocognitive, and social cognitive assessments were pooled from two cross-national samples (Poland/USA) to examine potential predictors of loneliness in 147 patients with schizophrenia and 103 healthy controls overall.

Female scent accelerates growth of juvenile male mice.

Exposing female house mice (Mus musculus) to male urinary scent accelerates their sexual development (Vandenbergh effect). Here, we tested whether exposing juvenile male mice to females' urine similarly influences male growth and size of their sexual organs. We exposed three-week old male house mice to female urine or water (control) for ca.

Virtual Group-based Walking Intervention for Persons with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Persons with schizophrenia have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a predictor of all-cause mortality. Exercise is effective for improving CRF; however, motivational challenges affecting those with schizophrenia impact exercise engagement and maintenance. Virtual Physical Activity Can Enhance Life (Virtual PACE-Life), a multicomponent walking intervention guided by self-determination theory (SDT), was developed to target CRF in this population while addressing motivational difficulties.

Racial disparities and predictors of functioning in schizophrenia.

Black Americans are diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders at more than twice the rate of White individuals and experience significantly worse outcomes following diagnosis. Little research has examined specific factors that may contribute to worse functional outcomes among Black Americans diagnosed with schizophrenia. One approach to understanding why racial disparities emerge is to examine established predictors of functioning in this population: neurocognition, social cognition, and symptom severity.

A Bayesian Network Approach to Social and Nonsocial Cognition in Schizophrenia: Are Some Domains More Fundamental than Others?

Objectives: Social and nonsocial cognition are defined as distinct yet related constructs. However, the relative independence of individual variables-and whether specific tasks directly depend on performance in other tasks-is still unclear. The current study aimed to answer this question by using a Bayesian network approach to explore directional dependencies among social and nonsocial cognitive domains.

A pilot randomised controlled trial of the Peer Tree digital intervention targeting loneliness in young people: a study protocol.

Background: Young people are vulnerable to experiencing problematic levels of loneliness which can lead to poor mental health outcomes. Loneliness is a malleable treatment target and preliminary evidence has shown that it can be addressed with digital platforms. Peer Tree is a strength-based digital smartphone application aimed at reducing loneliness.