Identifying dissolved reactive phosphorus sources in agricultural runoff and leachate using phosphate oxygen isotopes.

Agricultural phosphorus (P) losses may result from either recently applied fertilizers or from P accumulated in soil and sediment. While both P sources pose an environmental risk to freshwater systems, differentiating between sources is crucial for identifying and implementing management practices to decrease loss. In this study, laboratory rainfall simulations were completed on runoff boxes and undisturbed soil columns before and after fertilizer application.

Point-of-care platform integrated with deep-learning, convolutional neural network algorithms effectively evaluates canine and feline peripheral blood smears.

Objective: To perform a diagnostic assessment of a point-of-care veterinary multiuse platform integrated with a model comprised of deep-learning, convolutional neural network algorithms for evaluating canine/feline peripheral blood smears compared to board-certified clinical pathologists (CPs).

Methods: This study had a blinded, randomized, incomplete block design, and results were compared between CPs and algorithms. Blood smears from convenience samples from veterinary diagnostic reference laboratories from October to December 2021 were used.

Two-Drug Combination Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1: Case Series and Literature Review.

Doravirine (DOR) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) approved for use in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in treatment-naive patients. Doravirine-based regimens are an option for patients with limited alternatives due to drug-drug interactions, toxicities, or resistance. A paucity of data exists for use of two-drug DOR-based regimens in treatment-experienced individuals.

Validation of Vetscan Imagyst, a diagnostic test utilizing an artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm, for detecting strongyles and Parascaris spp. in equine fecal samples.

Background: Current methods for obtaining fecal egg counts in horses are often inaccurate and variable depending on the analyst's skill and experience. Automated digital scanning of fecal sample slides integrated with analysis by an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm is a viable, emerging alternative that can mitigate operator variation compared to conventional methods in companion animal fecal parasite diagnostics. Vetscan Imagyst is a novel fecal parasite detection system that uploads the scanned image to the cloud where proprietary software analyzes captured images for diagnostic recognition by a deep learning, object detection AI algorithm.

Phosphorus lability across diverse agricultural contexts with legacy sources.

The buffering of phosphorus (P) in the landscape delays management outcomes for water quality. If stored in labile form (readily exchangeable and bioavailable), P may readily pollute waters. We studied labile P and its intensity for >600 soils and sediments across seven study locations in the United States.

Trends in estimated PARP inhibitor eligibility and benefit among US epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

Objective: To estimate the annual percentage of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who could be eligible for and benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy amidst changing US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications.

Methods: This is a simulated retrospective observational study using publicly available data on patients with advanced-stage EOC. PARPi eligibility is based on FDA approvals and withdrawals from 2014 through 2023, along with published demographic and genomic data.

New phosphorus losses via tile drainage depend on fertilizer form, placement, and timing.

Agricultural phosphorus (P) losses are harmful to water quality, but knowledge gaps about the importance of fertilizer management practices on new (recently applied) sources of P may limit P loss mitigation efforts. Weighted regression models applied to subsurface tile drainage water quality data enabled estimating the new P losses associated with 155 P applications in Ohio and Indiana, USA. Daily discharge and dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) loads were used to detect increases in P loss following each application which was considered new P.

Effects of redox on the phosphorus removal ability of iron-rich phosphorus sorption materials.

Iron-rich phosphorus (P) sorption materials (PSMs) are often used in P removal structures, a best management practice able to sequester dissolved P from surface runoff, subsurface drainage, and wastewater. The use of bottom-upward flow in these structures is of great interest, but it creates an intrinsic complication: the presence of stagnant water between flow events may cause structures to develop anoxic conditions. It is unknown whether the redox sensitivity of iron (Fe), the predominant element in Fe-rich PSMs, will affect P binding under anoxic conditions.

Sentinel Lymph Node Evaluation in Early-Stage Vulvar Cancer.

Sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) and dissection (SLND) should be used as an alternative to full inguinofemoral lymph node dissection (IFLND) in select patients with early-stage vulvar cancer. IFLND is associated with high postoperative complications such as wound breakdown, lymphedema, lymphocyst formation, and infection. SLND in select patients offers a safe, effective, and less morbid alternative.

Multicenter evaluation of the Vetscan Imagyst system using Ocus 40 and EasyScan One scanners to detect gastrointestinal parasites in feces of dogs and cats.

The Vetscan Imagyst system (Zoetis) is a novel, artificial intelligence-driven detection tool that can assist veterinarians in the identification of enteric parasites in dogs and cats. This system consists of a sample preparation device, an automated digital microscope scanner, and a deep-learning algorithm. The EasyScan One scanner (Motic) has had good diagnostic performance compared with manual examinations by experts; however, there are drawbacks when used in veterinary practices in which space for equipment is often limited.

Phosphate removal by low-cost industrial byproduct iron shavings: Efficacy and longevity.

Iron shavings (IS) are low-cost industrial byproducts that show great potential in removing phosphorus (P) from contaminated water. This work investigates the effectiveness of IS for P (PO-P) removal and emphasizes its pretreatment and longevity. A 4-d pretreatment of IS with 2.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Phosphorus Removal Structures.

Excess phosphorus (P) is a major pollutant in aquatic systems. Phosphorus removal structures, landscape-scale filters designed to capture dissolved P from runoff, drainage, and wastewater offer promise in curbing P pollution. While the environmental benefits of various P removal structures are well documented, the cost-effectiveness of each structure's ability to sequester P is lacking.

ATAD2 is a driver and a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer that functions by upregulating CENPE.

Ovarian cancer is a complex disease associated with multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. The emergence of treatment resistance in most patients causes ovarian cancer to become incurable, and novel therapies remain necessary. We identified epigenetic regulator ATPase family AAA domain-containing 2 (ATAD2) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and is associated with increased incidences of metastasis and recurrence.

School-Based Hemorrhage Control Training.

The number one cause of preventable death in trauma is uncontrolled bleeding. Considering the burden of injury and fatality from motor vehicle collisions, accidental injury, and now increasing school shooting incidents, more should be done to prepare and protect students from this preventable cause of death. A school-based hemorrhage control training program is one approach to improve survivability, school preparedness, injury prevention strategies, and to increase access to this life-saving training.

Consequences of 33 Years of Plastic Film Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilization on Maize Growth and Soil Quality.

Plastic film mulching and urea nitrogen fertilization are widely used in agricultural ecosystems, but both their long-term use may leave a negative legacy on crop growth, due to deleterious effects of plastic and microplastic accumulation and acidification in soil, respectively. Here, we stopped covering soil with a plastic film in an experimental site that was previously covered for 33 years and compared soil properties and subsequent maize growth and yield between plots that were previously and never covered with the plastic film. Soil moisture was about 5-16% higher at the previously mulched plot than at the never-mulched plot, but NO content was lower for the former when with fertilization.

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT): Monitoring neurovascular changes in a mouse repetitive traumatic brain injury model.

Background: Evidence suggests that mild TBI injuries, which comprise > 75% of all TBIs, can cause chronic post-concussive symptoms, especially when experienced repetitively (rTBI). rTBI is a major cause of cognitive deficit in athletes and military personnel and is associated with neurovascular changes. Current methods to monitor neurovascular changes in detail are prohibitively expensive and invasive for patients with mild injuries.

Uncertainty in phosphorus fluxes and budgets across the US long-term agroecosystem research network.

Phosphorus (P) budgets can be useful tools for understanding nutrient cycling and quantifying the effectiveness of nutrient management planning and policies; however, uncertainties in agricultural nutrient budgets are not often quantitatively assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate uncertainty in P fluxes (fertilizer/manure application, atmospheric deposition, irrigation, crop removal, surface runoff, and leachate) and the propagation of these uncertainties to annual P budgets. Data from 56 cropping systems in the P-FLUX database, which spans diverse rotations and landscapes across the United States and Canada, were evaluated.

Current Issues in the Management of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Advanced-Stage High-Grade Serous Carcinoma of the Ovary.

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of mortality in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Advanced-stage high-grade serous carcinoma accounts for most ovarian cancer cases. Current issues in the management of patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer include decisions on primary versus interval cytoreduction, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, maintenance therapy, incorporation of bevacizumab, and germline and somatic genetic testing.

Concurrent and proximal associations among PTSD symptoms, prescription opioid use, and co-use of other substances: Results from a daily monitoring study.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) are linked. Much of the research documenting this association uses cross-sectional or longitudinal designs that describe patterns of use over extended intervals. The present study used a daily monitoring design to examine how daily fluctuations in PTSD symptoms predicted patterns of prescription opioid use (both medical and nonmedical) and co-use of other substances.

Cost-effectiveness of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy at primary cytoreduction of epithelial ovarian cancer based on residual disease status.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with cisplatin when used at the time of interval cytoreductive surgery (ICS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been shown to provide a survival advantage compared to interval cytoreduction alone for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in a cost-effective manner. A recent large multi-center retrospective cohort study showed a survival advantage with HIPEC given during primary debulking surgery compared to surgery alone. While there is an ongoing randomized controlled trial examining HIPEC at the time of primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) before chemotherapy (OVHIPEC-2), there is currently no study of this practice in the United States or cost data to inform incorporation of this practice.