Optimization of fertilization scheme based on sustainable wheat productivity and minor nitrate residue in organic dry farming: An empirical study.

The substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with manure holds the potential for a synergistic rise in wheat grain yield and protein concentration, while minimizing residual nitrate in soil. We conducted a 6-year field fertilization experiment including two manure treatments (with or without) and five nitrogen applications rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha). The study investigated the impact of single chemical nitrogen (CN) and manure substitution for nitrogen fertilizer (MN) on the grain yield (GY), grain protein concentration (GPC), plant nitrogen uptake (PNupt) and plant nitrogen requirement (PNR) of wheat, and the dynamic change of soil nitrate-N.

Effects of elevated atmospheric ammonia concentration on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in wheat under different nitrogen rates.

To evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) application rates on the growth, photosynthetic traits and yield of winter wheat under elevated atmospheric ammonia (NH) concentrations could provide guidance for N management under high NH environment. We conducted a split-plot experiment for two consecutive years (2020-2021 and 2021-2022) with top-open chambers. The treatments included two NH concentrations [elevated ambient NH concentration at 0.

Adaptive nitrogen inputs sustain water-nitrogen use and improve maize productivity with varied precipitation conditions on a semi-arid agroecosystem.

Background: Maize productivity in semi-arid regions is increasingly at risk because of the sparse and uneven precipitation, and it is also restricted by excessive or insufficient fertilization management strategies. A 4-year (2016-2019) field experiment was therefore conducted to show the effects of fertilizer with five nitrogen levels (0, 75-90, 150-180, 270, and 360 kg ha , represented as N , N , N , N , N , respectively) under two variable precipitation patterns (rainy at pre-anthesis in 2016 and 2018 versus dry at pre-anthesis in 2017 and 2019) on soil water storage (SWS), water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and maize yield in the Loess Plateau.

Results: Nitrogen inputs increased the amount of above-ground dry matter and the WUE for dry matter (WUEd).

Ridge cropping and furrow irrigation pattern improved spring maize (Zea mays L.) yield and water productivity in Hetao irrigation area of north-western China.

Background: Improving irrigation water productivity is vital for sustaining high maize yield in Hetao irrigated area of northwest China. Whether ridge cropping and furrow irrigation systems (planting both on ridges and in furrows) fulfill water-saving and maize yield-increasing is unclear. A 2-year trial was conducted to reveal the influence of irrigation with three levels (270, 225, 180 mm, represented as I , I , I , respectively) under two planting systems [traditional flat planting system (TFI) and ridge cropping and furrow irrigation system (RFI)] on maize growth, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IUE).

[Effects of water limiting and nitrogen reduction on nitrogen use and apparent balance of winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China].

Effects of water limiting and nitrogen reduction on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen apparent balance of wheat were investigated to explore whether it would be feasible to restrict water and reduce nitrogen in wheat production of the Guanzhong Plain and thus to provide scientific supports for yield-stable, high-efficiency, and environment-friendly developments in the irrigated production of winter wheat. Following a split-plot design with two water regimes as the main plots and four N addition rates as sub-plot factors, a field experiment (2017-2019) was conducted in Yangling, Shaanxi. The two water regimes were conventionally irrigating at the rate of 60 mm during the overwinter period and at the jointing stage, respectively (W, a conventional practice) and irrigating at a rate of 60 mm during the overwintering period (W, a restrictive irrigation practice).

[Effects of reduced nitrogen application on yield, nitrogen utilization of spring maize and soil nitrate content in Weibei dryland, Northwest China].

To get a scientific pattern for nitrogen-reducing and efficiency-increasing production of spring maize in Weibei dryland, we conducted an field experiment of spring maize (Zhengdan 958 and Shaandan 8806) under dryland farming from 2016 to 2019 in Heyang County, located in Weibei dryland of Shaanxi. There were five nitrogen (N) treatments, including 360 kg·hm(N, a rate commonly adopted by local farm households), 270 kg·hm(N), 150-180 kg·hm(N), 75-90 kg·hm(N) and 0 kg·hm(N). We investigated the effects of reduced nitrogen application on maize yield, nitrogen uptake and utilization of spring maize and soil nitrate residue.