Size Effect of Micro-Sized Graphene Oxide on Self-Healing and Photothermal Anti-icing Coatings.

Microsized graphene oxide (GO) is promising for the development of efficient anti-icing coatings due to its excellent anti-icing activity, remarkable photothermal property, mature industrialization and easy availability. However, the size effect of microsized GO on the performance of anti-icing coatings remains unknown. Herein, a series of microsized GO with different sizes are incorporated into a supramolecular polymeric matrix to study the GO size effect and develop the self-healable and photothermal anti-icing coatings.

Facile synthesis of hierarchical core-shell carbon@ZnInS composite for boosted photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H production.

Against the backdrop of energy shortage, hydrogen energy has attracted much attention as a green and clean energy source. In order to explore efficient hydrogen production pathways, we designed a composite photocatalyst with carbon-based core-shell photothermal-assisted photocatalytic system (Carbon@ZnInS, denoted as C@ZIS). The well-designed catalyst C@ZIS composites demonstrated a photocatalytic hydrogen precipitation rate of 2.

Boosting photothermal-assisted photocatalytic water/seawater splitting into hydrogen based on greenhouse-induced photothermal effect.

Photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen production is a very promising way to maximize solar energy utilization to obtain clean energy. Herein, we designed a composite photocatalyst with coating core-shell FeO@SiO nanoparticles on the surface of ZnInS micro-flowers for high-efficient photothermal-assisted photocatalytic water/seawater splitting. Experimental results reveal that in the core-shell structure of FeO@SiO, the addition of the SiO shell in FeO@SiO not only separates the photothermal and photochemical components, avoiding competition between them, but also further increases the temperature of the core in a manner similar to the greenhouse effect, which was used as a hot core to provide heat to the ZnInS photocatalyst to increase the surface reaction temperature and enhance the collision chances of photo-generated carriers into causing severe recombination of carriers, thus promoting the hydrogen generation.

Primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: Two case reports.

This study reports two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (SCCT) presenting as the thyroid goiter, involving one case of primary squamous cell carcinoma originating from the thyroid (PSCCT) and the other case of secondary SCCT of the thyroid. A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological findings was done in this study report. In case 1, the thyroid ultrasound showed multi-hypoechoic well-defined nodules, labeled as 3 using Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System, measuring 34.

Integrative structural dynamics probing of the conformational heterogeneity in synaptosomal-associated protein 25.

SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa) is a prototypical intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that is unstructured by itself but forms coiled-coil helices in the SNARE complex. With high conformational heterogeneity, detailed structural dynamics of unbound SNAP-25 remain elusive. Here, we report an integrative method to probe the structural dynamics of SNAP-25 by combining replica-exchange discrete molecular dynamics (rxDMD) simulations and label-based experiments at ensemble and single-molecule levels.

Annual dynamic dataset of global cropping intensity from 2001 to 2019.

The cropping intensity has received growing concern in the agriculture field in applications such as harvest area research. Notwithstanding the significant amount of existing literature on local cropping intensities, research considering global datasets appears to be limited in spatial resolution and precision. In this paper, we present an annual dynamic global cropping intensity dataset covering the period from 2001 to 2019 at a 250-m resolution with an average overall accuracy of 89%, exceeding the accuracy of the current annual dynamic global cropping intensity data at a 500-m resolution.

Structure, dynamics, and regulation of TRF1-TIN2-mediated trans- and cis-interactions on telomeric DNA.

TIN2 is a core component of the shelterin complex linking double-stranded telomeric DNA-binding proteins (TRF1 and TRF2) and single-strand overhang-binding proteins (TPP1-POT1). In vivo, the large majority of TRF1 and TRF2 exist in complexes containing TIN2 but lacking TPP1/POT1; however, the role of TRF1-TIN2 interactions in mediating interactions with telomeric DNA is unclear. Here, we investigated DNA molecular structures promoted by TRF1-TIN2 interaction using atomic force microscopy (AFM), total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), and the DNA tightrope assay.

Recurrent mismatch binding by MutS mobile clamps on DNA localizes repair complexes nearby.

DNA mismatch repair (MMR), the guardian of the genome, commences when MutS identifies a mismatch and recruits MutL to nick the error-containing strand, allowing excision and DNA resynthesis. Dominant MMR models posit that after mismatch recognition, ATP converts MutS to a hydrolysis-independent, diffusive mobile clamp that no longer recognizes the mismatch. Little is known about the postrecognition MutS mobile clamp and its interactions with MutL.

Dynamic human MutSα-MutLα complexes compact mismatched DNA.

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) corrects errors that occur during DNA replication. In humans, mutations in the proteins MutSα and MutLα that initiate MMR cause Lynch syndrome, the most common hereditary cancer. MutSα surveilles the DNA, and upon recognition of a replication error it undergoes adenosine triphosphate-dependent conformational changes and recruits MutLα.

Transfer Learning for Crop classification with Cropland Data Layer data (CDL) as training samples.

Training samples is fundamental for crop mapping from remotely sensed images, but difficult to acquire in many regions through ground survey, causing significant challenge for crop mapping in these regions. In this paper, a transfer learning (TL) workflow is proposed to use the classification model trained in contiguous U.S.

An index of non-sampling error in area frame sampling based on remote sensing data.

Agricultural areas are often surveyed using area frame sampling. Using non-updated area sampling frame causes significant non-sampling errors when land cover and usage changes between updates. To address this problem, a novel method is proposed to estimate non-sampling errors in crop area statistics.

Publisher Correction: Precision and accuracy of single-molecule FRET measurements-a multi-laboratory benchmark study.

This paper was originally published under standard Springer Nature copyright. As of the date of this correction, the Analysis is available online as an open-access paper with a CC-BY license. No other part of the paper has been changed.

Coordinated protein and DNA conformational changes govern mismatch repair initiation by MutS.

MutS homologs identify base-pairing errors made in DNA during replication and initiate their repair. In the presence of adenosine triphosphate, MutS induces DNA bending upon mismatch recognition and subsequently undergoes conformational transitions that promote its interaction with MutL to signal repair. In the absence of MutL, these transitions lead to formation of a MutS mobile clamp that can move along the DNA.

Early-season crop mapping using improved artificial immune network (IAIN) and Sentinel data.

Substantial efforts have been made to identify crop types by region, but few studies have been able to classify crops in early season, particularly in regions with heterogeneous cropping patterns. This is because image time series with both high spatial and temporal resolution contain a number of irregular time series, which cannot be identified by most existing classifiers. In this study, we firstly proposed an improved artificial immune network (IAIN), and tried to identify major crops in Hengshui, China at early season using IAIN classifier and short image time series.

Precision and accuracy of single-molecule FRET measurements-a multi-laboratory benchmark study.

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is increasingly being used to determine distances, structures, and dynamics of biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. However, generalized protocols and FRET standards to ensure the reproducibility and accuracy of measurements of FRET efficiencies are currently lacking. Here we report the results of a comparative blind study in which 20 labs determined the FRET efficiencies (E) of several dye-labeled DNA duplexes.

Estimation of different data compositions for early-season crop type classification.

Timely and accurate crop type distribution maps are an important inputs for crop yield estimation and production forecasting as multi-temporal images can observe phenological differences among crops. Therefore, time series remote sensing data are essential for crop type mapping, and image composition has commonly been used to improve the quality of the image time series. However, the optimal composition period is unclear as long composition periods (such as compositions lasting half a year) are less informative and short composition periods lead to information redundancy and missing pixels.

Phosphorylation-induced conformational dynamics in an intrinsically disordered protein and potential role in phenotypic heterogeneity.

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that lack a unique 3D structure and comprise a large fraction of the human proteome play important roles in numerous cellular functions. Prostate-Associated Gene 4 (PAGE4) is an IDP that acts as a potentiator of the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor. Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (HIPK1) phosphorylates PAGE4 at S9 and T51, but only T51 is critical for its activity.

Crop Classification Based on Time Series MODIS EVI and Ground Observation for Three Adjoining Years in Xinjiang.

There is a regular use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 meter EVI to classify the crops on a regional level throughout the world. A rapid agricultural land use change attributed to new Chinese agriculture policy is attracting many researchers to focus. The objective of this study is to present a more straightforward multiyear classification methodology using time series MODIS EVI with 250 meters spatial resolution and subsequent field data in Xinjiang, China.

Comparison of Hybrid Classifiers for Crop Classification Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Time Series: A Case Study for Major Crops in North Xinjiang, China.

A range of single classifiers have been proposed to classify crop types using time series vegetation indices, and hybrid classifiers are used to improve discriminatory power. Traditional fusion rules use the product of multi-single classifiers, but that strategy cannot integrate the classification output of machine learning classifiers. In this research, the performance of two hybrid strategies, multiple voting (M-voting) and probabilistic fusion (P-fusion), for crop classification using NDVI time series were tested with different training sample sizes at both pixel and object levels, and two representative counties in north Xinjiang were selected as study area.

Modeling spatial patterns of soil respiration in maize fields from vegetation and soil property factors with the use of remote sensing and geographical information system.

To examine the method for estimating the spatial patterns of soil respiration (Rs) in agricultural ecosystems using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS), Rs rates were measured at 53 sites during the peak growing season of maize in three counties in North China. Through Pearson's correlation analysis, leaf area index (LAI), canopy chlorophyll content, aboveground biomass, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and soil total nitrogen content were selected as the factors that affected spatial variability in Rs during the peak growing season of maize. The use of a structural equation modeling approach revealed that only LAI and SOC content directly affected Rs.