Toxicological responses of A549 and HCE-T cells exposed to fine particulate matter at the air-liquid interface.

Fine particulate matter (PM) can enter the human body in various ways and have adverse effects on human health. Human lungs and eyes are exposed to the air for a long time and are the first to be exposed to PM. The "liquid immersion exposure method" has some limitations that prevent it from fully reflecting the toxic effects of particulate matter on the human body.

Acute exposure to seasonal PM induces toxicological responses in A549 cells cultured at the air-liquid interface mediated by oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) enters the human body through respiration and poses a threat to human health. This is not only dependent on its mass concentration in the atmosphere, but also related to seasonal variations in its chemical components, which makes it important to study the cytotoxicity of PM in different seasons. Traditional immersion exposure cannot simulate the living environment of human epithelial cells in the human body, making this method unsuitable for evaluating the inhalation toxicity of PM.

The Cytotoxic Effects of Fine Particulate Matter (PM) from Different Sources at the Air-Liquid Interface Exposure on A549 Cells.

The health of humans has been negatively impacted by PM exposure, but the chemical composition and toxicity of PM might vary depending on its source. To investigate the toxic effects of particulate matter from different sources on lung epithelial cells (A549), PM samples were collected from residential, industrial, and transportation areas in Nanjing, China. The chemical composition of PM was analyzed, and toxicological experiments were conducted.

Chemical Composition and Transgenerational Effects on of Seasonal Fine Particulate Matter.

While numerous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of fine particulate matter (PM) on human health, little attention has been paid to its impact on offspring health. The multigenerational toxic effects on () were investigated by acute exposure. PM and PM samples were collected and analysed for their chemical composition (inorganic ions, metals, OM, PAHs) in different seasons from April 2019 to January 2020 in Lin'an, China.

Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019.

PM is an air pollutant with complex components. After entering the body through respiration, PM can not only cause respiratory diseases, but also break through the blood-testis barrier and influence the reproductive system. PM with different components may result in different toxic effects.

Ecotoxicity induced by total, water soluble and insoluble components of atmospheric fine particulate matter exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Although PM could cause toxicity in environmental organisms, the toxicity difference of PM under different solubilities is still poorly understood. To acquire a better knowledge of the ecotoxicity of PM under different solubilities, the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was exposed to Total-PM, water insoluble components of PM (WIS-PM) and water soluble components of PM (WS-PM).

Reproductive toxicity and underlying mechanisms of fine particulate matter (PM) on Caenorhabditis elegans in different seasons.

Although numerous studies have investigated that atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) can be toxic to environmental organisms, the research on the reproductive toxicity of PM is limited, and the key toxic components and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this work, PM samples of four seasons in Nanjing from March 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022 were collected and the chemical components were analyzed. Caenorhabditis elegans (C.

Mechanical Property Test of Grass Carp Skin Material Based on the Digital Image Correlation Method.

Fish is a common and widely distributed creature. Its skin has a unique physiological structure and plays an important role in many fields. Fish skin also has important potential value for bionics research.

Experimental analysis of high-temperature creep in FV566 steel based on digital image correlation.

Digital image correlation (DIC) is an optical measurement method of material strain/displacement based on visible light illumination, which can be used for the measurement of long-term mechanical behavior. In this paper, an experimental method for analyzing high-temperature creep in FV566 steel material based on DIC was independently designed. Aiming at the problems of glass observation window medium refraction and thermal airflow disturbance in high-temperature testing, the corresponding correction methods were proposed to improve the measurement accuracy.

Seasonal variation, source contribution, and impact factors of biogenic organic aerosols in PM in Nanjing, China.

In this study, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to develop a rapid method to detect carbohydrates (one anhydrosugar, five sugars, and four sugar alcohols) and monoterpene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers in the atmosphere, successfully applied to 139 atmospheric aerosol samples in Nanjing in 2019. Anhydrosugar (levoglucosan) is the most abundant carbohydrate in the atmospheric environment, with an annual mean concentration of 103.96 ng m.

Enhancing the Low-Temperature CO Oxidation over CuO-Based α-MnO Nanowire Catalysts.

A series of CuO-based catalysts supported on the α-MnO nanowire were facilely synthesized and employed as the CO oxidation catalysts. The achieved catalysts were systematically characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS-mapping, XPS and H-TPR. The catalytic performances toward CO oxidation had been carefully evaluated over these CuO-based catalysts.

Identification and semi-quantification of nitrooxy organosulfates in aerosol particles by HPLC-MS/MS.

Organosulfates (OSs) derived from the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the presence of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols are the important tracers of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In order to better understand the concentration of pinene-nitrooxy organosulfates (pNOSs) in Nanjing, a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization spectrum/mass spectrum (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to determine pNOSs in PM has been developed and validated in this study. Firstly, Hypersil Gold C (Thermo Scientific, San Jose, USA) was selected to separate pinene-derived nitrooxy organosulfates (pNOSs) based on their polarity.

Seasonal variations and potential sources of biomass burning tracers in particulate matter in Nanjing aerosols during 2017-2018.

Biomass burning (BB) is an important source of atmospheric particulate matter and can adversely affect air quality, visibility, human health, and climate change. To study the characteristics and potential source regions of BB tracers in PM, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument (HPLC-MS/MS) is applied in this study to develop and validate a method to determine organic tracers of BB in 397 aerosol samples. The total mean concentrations of 17 tracers measured in 2017 and 2018 were 333.

Universal calibration for a ring camera array based on a rotational target.

Panoramic dynamic and static measurements of objects in the application of vision measurement are difficult due to the constraints of a camera field of view and multicamera calibration technology. This paper proposes a universal global calibration method for ring multicamera systems based on rotating target and multi-view vision technology. This method uses a rotating target to establish the relationship between ring multi-camera arrays, retrieves the coordinates of the target corners from the fields of view of different cameras, and combines them with the rotation angle to complete the coordinate unification of the system.

Binocular DIC system for 3D correlation measurements.

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, mirror-assisted binocular stereo digital image correlation (DIC) system is proposed for the reconstruction of the overall contour, thickness, and strain measurement of the object. First, the angle between the two plane mirrors is adjusted until two virtual images and two real images can be formed in the mirrors. Then, the adjustable speckle size and definition characteristics of the projection speckle technology are fully utilized to realize the precise measurement of the mirror plane.

The Relative Contributions of Different Chemical Components to the Oxidative Potential of Ambient Fine Particles in Nanjing Area.

Ambient fine particles (PM) have been shown to have adverse health effects by inducing oxidative stress. Here, dithiothreitol (DTT)-based oxidative potential (OP) was used to assess the capacity of oxidative stress caused by PM. In this study, PM samples were collected in the Nanjing area in 2016, and physicochemical properties and DTT activity were investigated.

Chemical characteristics, sources and evolution processes of fine particles in Lin'an, Yangtze River Delta, China.

In this study, daily PM mass and chemical composition were measure in Lin'an Reginal Background Station, Yangzte River Delta, from March 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019. Organic matter (OM) was found to be the most dominant component in four seasons. The proportions of nitrate in PM presented dramatically lowest in warm seasons but highest in winter, indicating that NO was maily driven by thermodynamics.

Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter and Associated Health Burden in Nanjing.

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has become a serious environmental problem in Nanjing and poses great health risks to local residents. In this study, characteristics of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM) over Nanjing were analyzed using hourly and daily averaged PM concentrations and meteorological parameters collected from nine national monitoring sites during the period of March 2014 to February 2017.