ISA: Ingenious Siamese Attention for object detection algorithms towards complex scenes.

The interference of complex environments on object detection tasks dramatically limits the application of object detection algorithms. Improving the detection accuracy of the object detection algorithms is able to effectively enhance the stability and reliability of the object detection algorithm-based tasks in complex environments. In order to ameliorate the detection accuracy of object detection algorithms under various complex environment transformations, this work proposes the Siamese Attention YOLO (SAYOLO) object detection algorithm based on ingenious siamese attention structure.

A Transwell-Based Vascularized Model to Investigate the Effect of Interstitial Flow on Vasculogenesis.

Interstitial flow plays a significant role in vascular system development, mainly including angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. However, compared to angiogenesis, the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis is less explored. Current in vitro models for investigating the effect of interstitial flow on vasculogenesis heavily rely on microfluidic chips, which require microfluidic expertise and facilities, and may not be accessible to biological labs.

Fluidic Flow Enhances the Differentiation of Placental Trophoblast-Like 3D Tissue from hiPSCs in a Perfused Macrofluidic Device.

The human placenta serves as a multifunctional organ to maintain the proper development of a fetus. However, our knowledge of the human placenta is limited due to the lack of appropriate experimental models. In this work, we created an placental trophoblast-like model via self-organization of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in a perfused 3D culture macrofluidic device.

Microengineered Multi-Organoid System from hiPSCs to Recapitulate Human Liver-Islet Axis in Normal and Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a systematic multi-organ metabolic disease, which is characterized by the dynamic interplay among different organs. The increasing incidence of T2DM reflects an urgent need for the development of in vitro human-relevant models for disease study and drug therapy. Here, a new microfluidic multi-organoid system is developed that recapitulates the human liver-pancreatic islet axis in normal and disease states.

Advances of Exosomal miRNAs in Breast Cancer Progression and Diagnosis.

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Although many factors associated with breast cancer have been identified, the definite etiology of breast cancer is still unclear. In addition, early diagnosis of breast cancer remains challenging.

A Portable Device for Simple Exosome Separation from Biological Samples.

Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted by most types of cells, which contain a series of biologically important molecules, such as miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, etc. Emerging evidence show that exosomes can affect the physiological status of cells and are involved in various pathological processes. However, due to their small size and density close to body fluids, it is challenging to separate exosomes from a small volume of biological samples in a simple manner.

Corrigendum to "SARS-CoV-2 induced intestinal responses with a biomimetic human gut-on-chip" [Sci. Bull. (2021) 66 (8) 783-793].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.

Modeling Human Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) with an Organoids-on-a-Chip System.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic and progressive disease, which has emerged as a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is characterized by the process ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, a deep understanding of NAFLD progression remains challenging due to the lack of proper human disease models.

SARS-CoV-2 induced intestinal responses with a biomimetic human gut-on-chip.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. Clinical evidence suggests that the intestine is another high-risk organ for SARS-CoV-2 infection besides the lungs. However, a model that can accurately reflect the response of the human intestine to the virus is still lacking.

Modeling Pharmacokinetic Profiles for Assessment of Anti-Cancer Drug on a Microfluidic System.

The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of drug, which include drug absorption and excretion, play an important role in determining the in vivo pharmaceutical activity. However, current in vitro systems that model PK profiles are often limited by the in vivo-like concentration profile of a drug. Herein, we present a perfused and multi-layered microfluidic chip system to model the PK profile of anti-cancer drug 5-FU in vitro.

Engineering human islet organoids from iPSCs using an organ-on-chip platform.

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived islet cells provide promising resources for diabetes studies, cell replacement treatment and drug screening. Recently, hPSC-derived organoids have represented a new class of in vitro organ models for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. However, rebuilding biomimetic human islet organoids from hPSCs remains challenging.

In situ differentiation and generation of functional liver organoids from human iPSCs in a 3D perfusable chip system.

Liver organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent a new type of in vitro liver model for understanding organ development, disease mechanism and drug testing. However, engineering liver organoids with favorable functions in a controlled cellular microenvironment remains challenging. In this work, we present a new strategy for engineering liver organoids derived from human induced PSCs (hiPSCs) in a 3D perfusable chip system by combining stem cell biology with microengineering technology.