Advancements in clinical research and emerging therapies for triple-negative breast cancer treatment.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, is acknowledged as the most aggressive form of breast cancer (BC), comprising 15%-20% of all primary cases. Despite the prevalence of TNBC, effective and well-tolerated targeted therapies remain limited, with chemotherapy continuing to be the mainstay of treatment. However, the horizon is brightened by recent advancements in immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which have garnered the U.

Hydrophobic modification enhances the microstructure stability of the catalyst layer in alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs) have achieved notable advancements in peak power density, yet their durability during long-term operation remains a significant challenge. It has been recognized that increasing the hydrophobicity of the catalyst layer can effectively alleviate the performance degradation. However, a microscopic view of how hydrophobicity contributes to the stability of the catalyst layer microstructure is not clear.

Effect of Tannic Acid on Antioxidant Function, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier of Broilers Co-Infected with Coccidia and .

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of tannic acid on the antioxidative function, immunity, and intestinal barrier of broilers co-infected with coccidia and (CCP). A total of 294 1-day-old arbor acres(AA) broilers were divided into three groups: control group (CON), CCP co-infected group (CCP), and 1000 mg/kg TA + CCP co-infected group (CTA). This trial lasted for 28 days.

Cation Modifies Interfacial Water Structures on Platinum during Alkaline Hydrogen Electrocatalysis.

The molecular details of an electrocatalytic interface play an essential role in the production of sustainable fuels and value-added chemicals. Many electrochemical reactions exhibit strong cation-dependent activities, but how cations affect reaction kinetics is still elusive. We report the effect of cations (K, Li, and Ba) on the interfacial water structure using second-harmonic generation (SHG) and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.

Regulable preparation of silk fibroin composite cryogel by dual-directional crosslink for achieving self-cleaning, superelasticity and multifunctional water purification.

Recently, the cryogel as a special type of hydrogel was widely used in the field of medicine due to its porous structure and good biocompatibilit. However, great challenges existed for its irregular pore size and incompressible property, limiting its application in other fields. In this study, a novel silk fibroin-based cryogel (named SF@PVA/CS) with regulable pore size, excellent elasticity and durability was constructed using a green dual-directional crosslink strategy.

Optical method for quantifying the potential of zero charge at the platinum-water electrochemical interface.

When an electrode contacts an electrolyte, an interfacial electric field forms. This interfacial field can polarize the electrode's surface and nearby molecules, but its effect can be countered by an applied potential. Quantifying the value of this countering potential ('potential of zero charge' (pzc)) is, however, not straightforward.

Effects of tannic acid on growth performance, relative organ weight, antioxidative status, and intestinal histomorphology in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B.

A total of 480 one-day-old AA broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial to investigate the effects of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, relative organ weight, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in broilers dietary exposed to aflatoxin B (AFB). Treatments were as follows: (1) CON, control diet; (2) TA, CON + 250 mg/kg TA; (3) AFB, CON + 500 μg/kg AFB; and (4) TA+AFB, CON + 250 mg/kg TA + 500 μg/kg AFB. There were 10 replicate pens with 12 broilers per replicate.

Basal Plane Functionalization of Niobium Disulfide Nanosheets with Cyclopentadienyl Manganese(I) Dicarbonyl.

Basal plane-functionalized NbS nanosheets were obtained using photolysis to generate the coordinatively unsaturated organometallic fragment cyclopentadienyl manganese(I) dicarbonyl (CpMn(CO)). Under UV irradiation, a labile carbonyl ligand dissociates from the tricarbonyl complex, creating an open coordination site for bonding between the Mn atom and the electron-rich sulfur atoms on the surface of the NbS nanosheets. In contrast, no reaction is observed with 2-MoS nanosheets under the same reaction conditions.

Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Membrane-Based Energy Technologies.

Hydrogen energy-based electrochemical energy conversion technologies offer the promise of enabling a transition of the global energy landscape from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of electrocatalysis in alkaline media and applications in alkaline-based energy technologies, particularly alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Anion exchange (alkaline) membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) enable the use of nonprecious electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), relative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which require Pt-based electrocatalysts.

Depletion of acetate-producing bacteria from the gut microbiota facilitates cognitive impairment through the gut-brain neural mechanism in diabetic mice.

Background: Modification of the gut microbiota has been reported to reduce the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). We hypothesized that the gut microbiota shifts might also have an effect on cognitive functions in T1D. Herein we used a non-absorbable antibiotic vancomycin to modify the gut microbiota in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice and studied the impact of microbial changes on cognitive performances in T1D mice and its potential gut-brain neural mechanism.

Electroluminescent Fabric Woven by Ultrastretchable Fibers for Arbitrarily Controllable Pattern Display.

Flexible textile displays can be revolutionary for information transmission at any place and any time. Typically, textile displays are fabricated by traditional rigid electronics that sacrifice mechanical flexibility of devices or by flexible electronics that do not have an appropriate choice to arbitrarily control single pixels. This work reports on an electroluminescent fabric woven by ultrastretchable fibers (electroluminescent fibers up to 400% stretch, electrode fibers up to 250% stretch), which can exhibit the pixel-based arbitrarily controllable pattern display by a mobile phone application.

Region-specific metabolic characterization of the type 1 diabetic brain in mice with and without cognitive impairment.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported to cause cognitive decline, but brain metabolic changes during this process are still far from being fully understood. Here, we found that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice exhibited impaired learning and memory at 11 weeks after STZ treatment but not at 3 weeks. Therefore, we studied metabolic alterations in six different brain regions of T1D mice with and without cognitive decline, and attempted to identify key metabolic pathways related to diabetic cognitive dysfunction.

Phase-Sensitive Second-Harmonic Generation of Electrochemical Interfaces.

The interaction between molecular species and charged interfaces plays an indispensable role in a multitude of electrochemical devices. Yet, very little is understood about the nature of this interaction, in particular, the interfacial electric field. Second-order nonlinear spectroscopy such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) can provide chemical information on these interfacial interactions; however, the phase information has received limited attention in electrochemical SHG studies.

Antibiotic Exposure Disturbs the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolic Phenotype Differently in Rats with Advanced-Stage Type 1 Diabetes and Age-Matched Controls.

Antibiotic-induced microbial perturbations alter host metabolism and affect host physiology. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of vancomycin (Vanc) and ciprofloxacin/metronidazole (CiMe) exposures on the gut microbiome and metabolome in the colonic content and tissue samples from advanced-stage type 1 diabetic (AST1D) rats and age-matched controls (AMCs) using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. The results show that antibiotic effects on the gut microbiota were stronger in AMC rats relative to AST1D rats.

Antibiotic Exposure Has Sex-Dependent Effects on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolism of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Mice.

The gut microbiota has the capability to regulate homeostasis of the host metabolism. Since antibiotic exposure can adversely affect the microbiome, we hypothesized that antibiotic effects on the gut microbiota and host metabolism are sex dependent. In this study, we examined the effects of antibiotic treatments, including vancomycin (Vanc) and ciprofloxacin-metronidazole (CiMe), on the gut microbiome and metabolome in colonic contents and tissues in both male and female mice.

Tissue-Specific Metabolomics Analysis Identifies the Liver as a Major Organ of Metabolic Disorders in Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 Mice of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as a metabolic disorder, and more attention has been paid to brain metabolism. However, AD may also affect metabolism in the peripheral organs beyond the brain. In this study, therefore, we investigated metabolic changes in the liver, kidney, and heart of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice at 1, 5, and 10 months of age by using H NMR-based metabolomics and chemometrics.

Charge Recombination with Fractional Reaction Orders in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells.

In water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs), charge recombination competes with catalytic water oxidation to determine the overall efficiency of the system. The kinetics of these processes have been difficult to understand because transient absorbance (TA) experiments typically show nearly complete charge recombination on the submillisecond time scale; in contrast, electrochemical measurements such as open circuit photovoltage decay suggest a charge recombination time scale that is 2-3 orders of magnitude longer. Here we explore these processes with dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO and TiO/TaO core-shell photoanodes in aqueous electrolytes using TA spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS), and photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS).

Ultrafast proton-assisted tunneling through ZrO in dye-sensitized SnO-core/ZrO-shell films.

Core-shell architectures are used to modulate injection and recombination in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells. Here, we demonstrate that exposing SnO2-core/ZrO2-shell films to acid permits photoinduced electron transfer through ZrO2-shells at least 4 nm thick. A novel mechanism of charge transfer is proposed where protonic defects permit ultrafast trap-assisted tunneling of electrons.

Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water oxidation through a buried junction.

Water oxidation has long been a challenge in artificial photosynthetic devices that convert solar energy into fuels. Water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs) provide a modular approach for integrating light-harvesting molecules with water-oxidation catalysts on metal-oxide electrodes. Despite recent progress in improving the efficiency of these devices by introducing good molecular water-oxidation catalysts, WS-DSPECs have poor stability, owing to the oxidation of molecular components at very positive electrode potentials.

Random anion distribution in MS Se (M = Mo, W) crystals and nanosheets.

The group VIb dichalcogenides (MX, M = Mo, W; X= S, Se) have a layered molybdenite structure in which M atoms are coordinated by a trigonal prism of X atoms. Ternary solid solutions of MS Se were synthesized, microcrystals were grown by chemical vapor transport, and their morphologies and structures were characterized by using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, DIFFaX simulation of structural disorder, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Double aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the anion distributions in single-layer nanosheets exfoliated from the microcrystals.

High Yield Exfoliation of WS Crystals into 1-2 Layer Semiconducting Nanosheets and Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from WS/CdS Nanorod Composites.

Monolayer WS has interesting properties as a direct bandgap semiconductor, photocatalyst, and electrocatalyst, but it is still a significant challenge to prepare this material in colloidal form by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE). Here, we report the preparation of 1-2 layer semiconducting WS nanosheets in a yield of 18-22 wt % by a modified LPE method that involves preintercalation with substoichometric quantities of n-butyllithium. The exfoliated WS nanosheeets are n-type, have a bandgap of ∼1.

Confined Chemical Fluid Deposition of Ferromagnetic Metalattices.

A magnetic, metallic inverse opal fabricated by infiltration into a silica nanosphere template assembled from spheres with diameters less than 100 nm is an archetypal example of a "metalattice". In traditional quantum confined structures such as dots, wires, and thin films, the physical dynamics in the free dimensions is typically largely decoupled from the behavior in the confining directions. In a metalattice, the confined and extended degrees of freedom cannot be separated.